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Migros ((:ˈmiɡro)) is Switzerland's largest retail company, its largest supermarket chain and largest employer. It is also one of the forty largest retailers in the world. It co-founded Turkey's largest retailer, Migros Türk, which became independent of Migros Switzerland in 1975. The name comes from the French "mi" for half or mid-way and "gros", which means wholesale. Thus the word connotes prices that are halfway between retail and wholesale. The logo of the company is a large orange M, which some Swiss newspapers call "the orange giant" (German: ''oranger Riese'', French: ''géant orange'', Italian: ''gigante arancio''). The firm's loyalty card is the M-cumulus card (a play on the word accumulate and a type of cloud formation). ==History== Migros was founded in 1925 in Zürich as a private enterprise by Gottlieb Duttweiler, who had the idea of selling just six basic foodstuffs at low prices to householders who, in those days, did not have ready access to markets of any kind. At first he sold only coffee, rice, sugar, noodles, coconut oil and soap from lorries that went from one village or hamlet to another. The strategy to cut the intermediate trade and their margins led to the broad resistance of his competitors who goaded the producers to boycott him. As a reaction to this threat, Migros started creating its own line of goods beginning with meat, milk and chocolate. Later he and his drivers expanded their inventory and in 1926 Duttweiler built his first market, also in Zürich. His second store, in Ticino, presaged the future as it was founded as a cooperative. By 1941 the energetic entrepreneur had built a number of markets but in that year he basically gave the business to his customers by transforming everything from his privately owned enterprises into regional cooperatives, headed by the Federation of Migros Cooperatives (FCM, German: ''Migros-Genossenschafts-Bund'', MGB, French: ''Fédération des coopératives Migros'', FCM, Italian: ''Federazione delle cooperative Migros'', FCM). As early as 1935, Duttweiler showed his zest for expansion by founding the Hotelplan travel agency. Later the Migros brand was applied to a weekly magazine, ''Wir Brückenbauer (now known as Migros Magazin)'' in 1942. Other ventures were restaurants in 1952, gasoline stations (Migrol) in 1954, language schools (Eurocentres) in 1956, a bank (Migros Bank, Banque Migros) in 1957 and an insurance company, 1959. On behalf of the ''Migros Genossenschafts-Bund'' the Zürich-based Reederei Zürich AG ordered at the ''H. C. Stülcken Sohn'' shipyard in Hamburg, Germany, the cargo ship ''Adele'' which was launched in Hamburg on 15 July 1952; the ship was christened by Adele Duttweiler, the wife of Gottlieb Duttweiler. In 1954 Migros entered the Turkish market, forming Migros Türk in partnership with the Istanbul City Council. This was sold to the Turkish conglomerate Koç Holding in 1975 and is the largest retailer in Turkey. Between 2008 and 2011, Koç Holding sold most of its shares of Migros Türk to BC Partners. Migros opened its first foreign supermarket in the frontier region of France, in Thoiry, in 1993, and its first recreation park, Säntispark, at Abtwil in St. Gallen, in 1986. In October 2012, Migros expanded in the German market by acquiring the Hessian food store chain Tegut. In the same year, Migros opened the first Swiss store of German organic supermarket chain Alnatura.〔(Migros begins major offensive in organic market. ) Fresh Plaza, 13 September 2013〕 In 2013, however, the company announced the sale, effective October 2013, to the REWE retailing group of its four Migros branded stores in Germany, which it had established in 1995 (Lörrach) and subsequently.〔(Migros schließt Filialen in Freiburg und Lörrach )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Migros」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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