|
|Section2= |Section3= }} Meldonium (also known as Mildronate, THP, MET-88, Mildronāts or 〔Patent Number: 1429753. http://www.surechem.org/index.php?Action=document&docId=679316&db=EPB&tab=desc&lang=EN&db_query=2%3A0%3A&markupType=all (accessed August 16, 2012).〕) is a clinically used anti-ischemic drug that is currently manufactured and marketed by Grindeks, a pharmaceutical company based in Latvia.〔JSC Grindeks. http://www.grindeks.lv (accessed May 17, 2012).〕 It is used in Lithuania and the Russian Federation,〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Mildronate )〕 but is not approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use in the United States. ==Medical use== Meldonium is clinically used to treat angina and myocardial infarction. The first clinical trial testing the efficacy of using a combination of meldonium and lisinopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, to treat chronic heart failure was reported in 2005. The report demonstrated that the combined treatment of meldonium and lisinopril may improve the quality of life, exercise capacity and mechanisms of peripheral circulation of patients with chronic heart failure.〔 A later report in 2008 further demonstrated the efficacy of combined meldonium-lisinopril treatment by showing improved carotid baroreceptor reflex in patients with chronic heart failure. In February 2010, the clinical trial testing the efficacy and safety of meldonium treatment in combination with standard exercise tolerance therapy on angina patients was successfully completed.〔JSC Grindeks. http://www.grindeks.lv/en/for-investors/stock-news/mildronate_clinical_trial (accessed May 17, 2012).〕 The studies revealed that meldonium treatment significantly improves the exercise tolerance of stable angina patients. A phase II clinical trial on the efficacy and safety of meldonium for acute ischemic stroke was completed in August 2013 and the studies showed that meldonium is as effective and safe as cinepazide injection.〔ClinicalTrials.gov A service of the U.S. National Institutes of Health. http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01831011?rcv_d=14&lup_s=03%2F16%2F2013&lup_d=30 (accessed Aug 21, 2012).〕 Besides clinical trials, a number of scientific research projects have also been conducted to improve the efficacy of meldonium and its applicability to other diseases. For example, a report published by Vilskersts ''et al.'' suggested that the effect of mildronate treatment may be enhanced with co-treatment of other compounds such as orotic acid. Using animal models, the applications of meldonium, sometimes in tandem with other drugs such as metformin, have shown beneficial effects on neurological disorder and diabetes. Meldonium may also be beneficial for the treatment of seizures and alcohol intoxication. Recent reports also suggest that meldonium may improve the ability of learning and memory, as the drug changes the expression of hippocampal proteins related to synaptic plasticity using rat model. Meldonium was reported to elevate the concentrations of γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase in testes tissues;〔 in addition, long term (90 days) administration of meldonium was reported to improve sexual performance, sperm motility and concentration of testosterone in boars, although further studies are needed to confirm the potential of using meldonium as a sperm motility and sperm quality-enhancing agent. To date, meldonium is one of Latvia's most exported products, and can be readily obtained in countries including Russia, Ukraine, Moldova, Belarus, Azerbaijan and Armenia.〔Biotech Intelligence. http://www.biotech-intelligence.com/html/html/pool_7/91cc83b0e3f8b4edbbda2a42ae43e1b1.html (accessed May 17, 2012).〕〔PMR. Pharmaceutical, Healthcare and Medical Sector in Central and Eastern Europe: Industry News, Analyses and Market Data. http://www.ceepharma.com/63359/Grindex-names-Russian-manufacturing-partner-for-Mildronate.shtml (accessed May 17, 2012).〕〔Evaluate Pharma. https://www.evaluatepharma.com/Universal/View.aspx?type=Story&id=137196 (accessed May 17, 2012).〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Meldonium」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|