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The Equivalent (symbol: Eq), sometimes termed the molar equivalent, is a unit of electrical charge used in chemistry and the biological sciences. It could be converted to coulombs (symbol C) using Faraday's constant ''F'' in C/mol, where . The equivalent of a substance is the amount of the substance (in moles) multiplied by its Valence. The equivalent could be also formally defined through the amount of substance which will either: *react with or supply one mole of hydrogen ions (H+) in an acid–base reaction; or *react with or supply one mole of electrons in a redox reaction. Given this definition, an equivalent may also be defined as the number of ''moles'' of a given ''ion'' in a solution. So, if 1 mol of NaCl and 1 mol of CaCl2 are dissolved in a solution, there is 1 Eq Na, 2 Eq Ca, and 3 Eq Cl in that solution. The mass of one equivalent of a substance is called its equivalent weight. A historical definition, used especially for the chemical elements, describes an equivalent as the amount of a substance that will react with of hydrogen, or with of oxygen, or with of chlorine, or displaces any of the three.〔. 〕 In practice, the amount of a substance in equivalents often has a very small magnitude, so it is frequently described in terms of milliequivalents (meq or mEq), the prefix milli denoting that the measure has been multiplied by 1000. Very often, the measure is used in terms of milliequivalents of solute per litre of solvent (or milliNormal, where ). This is especially common for measurement of compounds in biological fluids; for instance, the healthy level of potassium in the blood of a human is defined between 3.5 and 5.0 meq/L. A certain amount of univalent ions provides the same amount of equivalents while the same amount of divalent ions provides twice the amount of equivalents. For example, 1 mmol of Na+ is equal 1 meq, while 1 mmol of Ca++ is equal 2 meq. == References == 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Equivalent (chemistry)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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