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In modern usage, a millwright is a craftsman or tradesman engaged with the erection of machinery. This includes such tasks as leveling, aligning and installing machinery on foundations or base plates and setting, leveling and aligning electric motors or other power sources such as turbines with the equipment, which millwrights typically connect with some type of coupling. The exact duties of a millwright vary depending on whether they are unionized or not, with union rules typically being more restrictive than non-union situations, which may have their own job description. Related but distinctly different crafts include machinists and mechanics. Historically, millwrights built watermills and windmills, mostly of wood with a limited number of metal parts. More generally in the English speaking world, early millwrights were specialist carpenters who erected machines used in agriculture, food processing and processing lumber and paper. In the early part of the Industrial Revolution, their skills were pressed into service building the earliest powered textile mills. Modern millwrights work with steel and other materials and must often combine the skills of other mechanical trades in order to successfully install industrial machinery or to assemble machines from pre-fabricated parts. Modern millwrights must also be able to read blueprints and other schematics to aid them in the construction of complex systems. Millwrights are frequently unionized, with estimated numbers of around 45% in the US.〔http://www.unionstats.com/〕 ==Millwrights in South Africa== In South Africa, the Millwright trade -especially focused on the mining sector- enjoys a far more versatile description than in other countries. At most Trades Training Centers, prospective Millwright Artisans are required to have a certain level of theoretical certification (e.g. N2 Certificate) and psychometric characteristics judged by thorough testing in order to qualify for the foundation practical & theoretical technical training. After being trained in a multitude of different fields (listed below), learner Millwrights enter in an apprenticeship for a specified time called "On the Job" Training. Here they work alongside all available artisans regardless of trade, depending on the institution. Once they meet a structured quota of experience and pass the necessary “On the Job” tests, apprentices have two months to prepare for their practical Trade Test. Once passed, they receive the certification and status of a qualified Millwright Tradesman. Fields wherein South African Millwrights may operate include: Low- Medium- and High Voltage Electrical fault finding, installations, and maintenance. PLC maintenance, installations, operations and fault finding. Fitting; installation and maintenance of most mechanical equipment, as well as Hydraulic and Pneumatic systems. Steelworks, rigging, and a few more fields all depending on the site, company, Mine Health and Safety Act, personal interest and specialization. An example of a renowned Trades Training Center which entails the above-mentioned career path is Exxaro’s GROVOS Trades Training Center〔http://financialresults.co.za/2011/exxaro_ar2010/pr-sp-human-resources.html〕 in Lephalale, Limpopo, ZA. This institution falls under the Exxaro Grootegeluk Coal mine in terms of the “On the Job” training. Once Millwrights qualify, they have the opportunity to qualify as technicians, engineers, planners, foremen and many other routes requiring mainly electrical and mechanical expertise. Many Millwrights choose to enter the private sector to work on a contractual basis. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Millwright」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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