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Milorganite is the trademark of a biosolids fertilizer produced by the Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District.〔 The District captures wastewater from the Milwaukee metropolitan area, including local industries. This water is then treated at the Jones Island Water Reclamation Facility in Milwaukee, Wisconsin with microbes that digest the organic matter in the wastewater. Cleaned water is then returned to Lake Michigan. The recycled organic nitrogen fertilizer, which is sold throughout North America, reduces the need for manufactured nutrients. After more than 90 years, it is one of the largest and most continuous examples of such programs.〔〔〔〔 ==History== Milorganite’s history began with Milwaukee’s goal to clean up its rivers and Lake Michigan. Rather than land filling sludge, the byproduct was used in a pioneering effort to make, distribute and sell fertilizer. "Its production is among the largest recycling programs in the world."〔 The Jones Island Plant was among the first sewage treatment plants in the United States to succeed in using the activated sludge treatment process.〔 "It was the first treatment facility to economically dispose of the recovered sludge by producing an organic fertilizer." In the early 1980s the plant needed extensive reworking, "this does not detract from its historic significance as a pioneering facility in the field of pollution control technology."〔 "The world’s first large scale wastewater treatment plant was constructed on Jones Island, near the shore of Lake Michigan."〔 It had the largest capacity of any plant in the world when constructed. The 1925 plant has been designated as a Historic Civil Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Civil Engineers. The name Milorganite is a concatenation of the phrase ''Milwaukee Organic Nitrogen,'' and was the result of a 1925 naming contest held in National Fertilizer Magazine. Raising taxes for public health was relatively controversial in the early 1900s. In 1911, reform minded socialists were elected on a platform calling for construction of a wastewater treatment plant to protect against water borne pathogens.〔〔.〕 Experiments showed that heat-dried activated sludge pellets "compared favorably with standard organic materials such as dried blood, tankage, fish scap, and cottonseed meal."〔Eleventh Annual Report of the Sewerage Commission of the City of Milwaukee for 1924, pp. 32–42.〕 Sales to golf courses, turf farms and flower growers began in 1926.〔See, North American's Most Widely Known, Respected, and Beloved Turfgrass Agronomist, The O.J. Noer Research Foundation, Inc., Michigan State U. Libraries, Turfgrass Information Center, www.lib.msu.edu/tgif.〕 Milorganite was popularized during the 1930s and 1940s before inorganic urea became available to homeowners after WWII. With the help of researchers in the College of Agriculture at the University of Wisconsin, the use of waste solids (''i.e.'', activated sludge) as a source of fertilizer was first developed in the early 20th century.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=History of Milorganite )〕 Since its development in 1926 as the first pelletized fertilizer in the United States, Milorganite has sold over of recycled waste. As of 2012, the plant produced about 45,000 tons from heat-dried microbes per year. In combining concerns for the environment and social justice, while successfully navigating the fluctuations and vagaries of the changing waste stream to deliver an important product through recycling, Milorganite has been at the forefront of the industry, even as it balances conflicting goals. As the organization itself notes: "Headquartered in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Milorganite products are manufactured and marketed by the Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District (MMSD), a regional government agency whose primary focus is providing water reclamation and flood management services for about 1.1 million customers in 28 communities in the Greater Milwaukee Area. Since 1926 MMSD has been a world leader in supplying Organic Nitrogen fertilizers for professional and residential use. While revenue generated through the sale of Milorganite products does not make up for the entire cost to produce and market, our belief in beneficial reuse and recycling makes producing our value added products the clear choice."〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=About us )〕 The sale of product does not entirely generate sufficient funds to cover the costs of manufacture, but the organization suggests the environmental benefits are a legitimate offsetting consideration.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Milorganite」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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