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Minitram
Minitram was an automated guideway transit system studied by the Transport and Road Research Laboratory (TRRL), part of the UK Department of the Environment's Ministry of Transport. The system was based on small, completely automated tram-like vehicles of about 25 passengers that could be connected together into three-car trains to increase capacity. Proposed designs were submitted by Hawker Siddeley Dynamics (HSD) and EASAMS (part of GEC). HSD's system used rubber wheels and EASAMS' steerable steel ones, but the projects were otherwise similar and notably shared a linear motor for propulsion and most braking. A series of failed sales efforts in the UK and to the GO-Urban system in Toronto, combined with decreased government spending in the 1970s, led to the concept being abandoned.
==Background==
During the 1960s a number of influential studies were published on the nature and future of mass transit systems. Primary among these were a series of reports from the US known collectively as the HUD reports. The HUD reports concluded that existing forms of transit could not compete with the convenience of car driving. If such systems were to be successful, they would need to offer tighter schedules to reduce waiting, smaller cars with fewer passengers, and more direct routing to eliminate intermediate stops. The result was the personal rapid transit concept, or PRT.〔J. Edward Anderson, ("Some Lessons from the History of Personal Rapid Transit" ), 4 August 1996〕
The reports suggested the only way to offer all of these features would be to use extensive automation. Systems were imagined with driverless vehicles with sizes anywhere from three to 20 passengers, normally travelling at fixed speeds to reduce timing complexity, with stations built "offline" on sidings to allow traffic to bypass intermediate stops. Even with relatively slow cruise speeds, end-to-end trip times would be better than existing mass transit systems, and especially cars.〔J. Edward Anderson, ("An Intelligent Transportation Network System" ), April 2011〕
The publication of the HUD reports, along with considerable development funding by the US Congress, led to major development efforts in most of the industrialized countries around the world. Four major developments were underway in the US, two in France, two in Germany, and two in Japan. The UK initially entered the fray with early studies on the Minicab system, but a political firestorm followed the publication of proposed station designs and the concept was abandoned.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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