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Miskawayh
Abu 'Ali Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Ya'qub Ibn Miskawayh (Persian: ابن مسكوويه), also erroneously known as Ibn Miskawayh (932–1030) or Ebn Meskavayh, was a Persian〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=MESKAVAYH, ABU ʿALI AḤMAD )〕 chancery official of the Buyid era, and philosopher and historian from Rey, Iran. As a neo-platonist, his influence on Islamic philosophy is primarily in the area of ethics. He was the author of the first major Islamic work on philosophical ethics, entitled ''Tahdhib al-akhlaq'' (تهذيب الأخلاق: Refinement of Morals), focusing on practical ethics, conduct, and refinement of character. He separated personal ethics from the public realm, and contrasted the liberating nature of reason with the deception and temptation of nature. Ebn Meskavayh was a prominent figure in the intellectual and cultural life of his time.〔
==Life==
Ebn Meskavayh was born in Ray, then under Ziyarid control. Miskawayh may have been a Zoroastrian convert to Islam, but it seems more likely that it was one of his ancestors who converted.〔 During his early career, he spent his life in Baghdad, where he served as the secretary of Muhallabi, the vizier of the Buyid Emir Mu'izz al-Dawla. He was fluent enough in Middle Persian to have translated some pre-Islamic texts in that language into Arabic. After a long service to the Buyids of Iraq, Ebn Meskavayh moved to the court of Rukn al-Dawla, where he spent seven years working there with the Buyid vizier Abu 'l-Fadl ibn al-'Amid. In 966, a group of ''ghazi'' warriors marched towards the Library of Ray. Ebn Meskavayh, however, managed to save the library.〔 After the death of Abu 'l-Fadl ibn al-'Amid in 970, Ebn Meskavayh continued to serve the latter's son Abu'l-Fath, and in 975 along with him left for Baghdad.
He later worked as a secretary and librarian for a sequence of viziers, including Adud al-Dawla. Some contemporary sources associated him with the Brethren of Purity, claiming that some of his writings were used in the compilation of the Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity.
Ebn Meskavayh died in 1030 at Isfahan, then under Kakuyid control.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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