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Mohenjo-daro
Mohenjo-daro ((シンド語:موئن جو دڙو), (ウルドゥー語:موئن جو دڑو), IPA: (:muˑənⁱ dʑoˑ d̪əɽoˑ), lit. ''Mound of the Dead''; ) is an archeological site in the province of Sindh, Pakistan. Built around 2500 BCE, it was one of the largest settlements of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization, and one of the world's earliest major urban settlements, contemporaneous with the civilizations of ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Crete, and Norte Chico. Mohenjo-daro was abandoned in the 19th century BCE as the Indus Valley Civilization declined, and the site was not rediscovered until the 1920s. Significant excavation has since been conducted at the site of the city, which was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1980.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Mohenjo-Daro: An Ancient Indus Valley Metropolis )〕 The site is currently threatened by erosion and improper restoration.〔
==Name==
Mohenjo-daro, the modern name for the site, simply means "Mound of the Dead" in Sindhi. The city's original name is unknown. Based on his analysis of a Mohenjo-daro seal, Iravatham Mahadevan speculates that the city's ancient name could have been ''Kukkutarma'' ("the city () of the cockerel ()").〔Iravatham Mahadevan. ("'Address’ Signs of the Indus Script" (PDF) ). Presented at the World Classical Tamil Conference 2010. 23–27 June 2010. ''The Hindu''.〕 Cock-fighting may have had ritual and religious significance for the city, with domesticated chickens bred there for sacred purposes, rather than as a food source.〔(''Poultry Breeding and Genetics'' ). R. D. Crawford (1990). Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 10-11, 44.〕 Mohenjo-daro may furthermore have been a point of diffusion for the eventual worldwide domestication of chickens.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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