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Mokaya were pre-Olmec cultures of the Soconusco region in Mexico and parts of the Pacific coast of western Guatemala, an archaeological culture that developed a number of Mesoamerica’s earliest-known sedentary settlements. The Soconusco region is generally divided by archaeologists into three adjacent zones along the coast—the Lower Río Naranjo region (along the Pacific coast of western Guatemala), Acapetahua, and Mazatán (both on the Pacific coast of modern-day Chiapas, Mexico). These three zones are about 50 km apart along the coast, but they are connected by a natural inland waterway, which could have permitted easy communication in prehistoric times.〔 The term ''Mokaya'' was coined by archaeologists to mean "corn people" in an early form of the Mixe–Zoquean language, which the Mokaya supposedly spoke.〔Pool 2007〕 ==Chronology== Around 1900 BC one of the dozen species of cacao was carried (from the upper Amazon ) and domesticated by the Mokaya. A Mokaya archaeological site provides evidence of cacao beverages dating to 1900 BC.〔Terry G. Powis, W. Jeffrey Hurst, María del Carmen Rodríguez, Ponciano Ortíz C., Michael Blake, David Cheetham, Michael D. Coe & John G. Hodgson (December 2007). "(Oldest chocolate in the New World )". Antiquity 81 (314). ISSN 0003-598X.〕 The Barra phase of the Mokaya culture is dated 1550-1400 BC. The early sites belonging to this phase are Altamira, San Carlos, and Paso de la Amada. This phase is already distinguished by its sophisticated pottery.〔Susan Toby Evans, David L. Webster, eds, (''Archaeology of Ancient Mexico and Central America: An Encyclopedia.'' ) Routledge, 2013 ISBN 1136801855 p452〕 Then came the Locona phase 1400-1250 BC, with many more sites. The Mokaya are thought to have been among the first cultures in Mesoamerica to develop a hierarchical society, which arose in the Early Formative (or Preclassic) period of Mesoamerican chronology, at a time (late 2nd millennium BCE) slightly before similar traits were evident among the early Olmec centers of the Gulf Coast region. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mokaya」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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