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|title_leader = Princes of Moldavia (Voivodes, Hospodars) |leader1 = Dragoș |year_leader1 = 1346–1353 (first) |leader2 = Alexandru Ioan Cuza |year_leader2 = 1859–1862 (last) |currency = Taler }} Moldavia ((ルーマニア語、モルドバ語():Moldova) ) is a historical region, and former principality in Eastern Europe, corresponding to the territory between the Eastern Carpathians and the Dniester river. An initially independent and later autonomous state, it existed from the 14th century to 1859, when it united with Wallachia as the basis of the modern Romanian state; at various times, the state included the regions of Bessarabia (with the Budjak) and all of Bukovina. The western half of Moldavia is now part of Romania, the eastern side belongs to the Republic of Moldova, while the northern and southeastern parts are territories of Ukraine. ==Name and etymology== (詳細はBogdan I, the founding figure of the principality. The names ''Moldavia'' and ''Moldova'' are derived from the name of the Moldova River; however, the etymology is not known and there are several variants:〔(Where did the name Moldova come from? )〕〔(Etymology of Moldova )〕 * a legend mentioned in ''Descriptio Moldaviae'' by Dimitrie Cantemir links it to an aurochs hunting trip of the Maramureș voivode Dragoș and the latter's chase of a star-marked bull. Dragoș was accompanied by his female hound called ''Molda''; when they reached shores of an unfamiliar river, Molda caught up with the animal and was killed by it. The dog's name would have been given to the river and extended to the country. * the old German ''Molde'', meaning "open-pit mine" * the Gothic ''Mulda'' (Gothic: 𐌼𐌿𐌻𐌳𐌰, Runic: ᛗᚢᛚᛞᚨ) meaning "dust", "dirt" (cognate with the English ''mould''), referring to the river. * a Slavic etymology (-''ova'' is a quite common Slavic suffix), marking the end of one Slavic genitive form, denoting ownership, chiefly of feminine nouns (i.e., "that of Molda"). * A landowner named Alexa Moldaowicz is mentioned in a 1334 document as a local boyar in service to Yuriy II of Halych; this attests to the use of the name before the foundation of the Moldavian state and could be the source for the region's name. In several early references,〔Ion Ciortan, Măriuca Radu, Octavian Ion Penda, Descriptio Romaniae (cartographie), National Museum of Maps & old books, Autonomous regie Monitorul oficial, Bucharest 2004〕 "Moldavia" is rendered under the composite form ''Moldo-Wallachia'' (in the same way Wallachia may appear as ''Hungro-Wallachia''). Ottoman Turkish references to Moldavia included ''Boğdan Iflak'' (meaning "Bogdan's Wallachia") and ''Boğdan'' (and occasionally ''Kara-Boğdan'' - "Black Bogdania"). See also names in other languages. The name of the region in other languages include (フランス語:Moldavie), (ドイツ語:Moldau), (ハンガリー語:Moldva), (ロシア語:Молдавия, ''Moldaviya''), (トルコ語:Boğdan Prensliği), (ギリシア語:Μολδαβία). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Moldavia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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