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| rank = 5th largest Hawaiian Island | hexadecimal = 197b30 | boxcolor = 39b54a | text color = FFFFFF }} Molokai or Molokai (; Hawaiian: ), often called the "Friendly Island", is an island in the Hawaiian archipelago. It is 38 by 10 miles (61 by 16 km) in size at its extreme length and width with a usable land area of , making it the fifth-largest of the main Hawaiian Islands and the 27th largest island in the United States. It lies east of Oahu across the 25-mile (40 km) wide Kaiwi Channel and north of Lānai, separated from it by the Kalohi Channel. The island has been known both for developments by Molokai Ranch on much of the island, for pineapple production, cattle ranching and tourism. Residents or visitors to the west end of Molokai can see the lights of Honolulu on O'ahu at night; they can view nearby Lānai and Maui from anywhere along the south shore of the island. In Kalawao County, on the Kalaupapa Peninsula on the north coast, settlements were established in 1866 for quarantined treatment of persons with leprosy; these operated until 1969. The Kalaupapa National Historical Park now preserves this entire county and area. The shape of Molokai Island resembles a fish or a shoe. ==Geography== Molokai developed from two distinct shield volcanoes known as East Molokai and the much smaller West Molokai. The highest point is ''Kamakou'' on East Molokai, at . Today, East Molokai volcano, like the Koolau Range on Oahu, is what remains of the southern half of the original mountain. The northern half suffered a catastrophic collapse about 1.5 million years ago and now lies as a debris field scattered northward across the bottom of the Pacific Ocean.〔(Hawaiian landslides have been catastrophic ), Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute〕 What remains of the volcano on the island include the highest sea cliffs in the world.〔Culliney, John L. (2006) ''Islands in a Far Sea: The Fate of Nature in Hawaii.'' Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. p. 17.〕 The south shore of Molokai boasts the longest fringing reef in the U.S. and its holdings—nearly long.〔("Quantitative morphology of a fringing reef tract from high-resolution laser bathymetry: Southern Molokai, Hawaii" ), ''Bulletin - Geo Science World''〕 Molokai is part of the state of Hawaii and located in Maui County, except for the Kalaupapa Peninsula, which is separately administered as Kalawao County. Maui County encompasses Maui, Lānai, and Kahoolawe in addition to Molokai. The largest town on the island is Kaunakakai, which is one of two small ports on the island. Molokai Airport is located on West Molokai. The United States Census Bureau divides the island into three census tracts: Census Tract 317 and Census Tract 318 of Maui County, Hawaii, and Census Tract 319 of Kalawao County, Hawaii. The total 2010 census population of these was 7,345, living on a land area of .〔(Census Tracts 317 and 318, Maui County; and Census Tract 319, Kalawao County ) United States Census Bureau〕 Molokai is separated from Oahu on the west by the Kaiwi Channel, from Maui on the southeast by the Pailolo Channel, and from Lānai on the south by the Kalohi Channel. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Molokai」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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