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Mongbwalu is a community in the Djugu Territory of the Ituri Interim Administration in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. ==History== Before the Belgians arrived in the region the local Banyali people used gold to make jewelry, but otherwise did not see the metal as commercially valuable. The Belgians found gold about from Mongbwalu in 1903 and began commercial expoitation of Kilo-Moto gold resources in 1905. From 1926 to 1966, mining operations were controlled by the ''Societe des Mines d'Or de Kilo-Moto (SOKIMO)''. During the colonial era about 1.3 million ounces of gold were extracted from the Mongbwalu area. Soon after independence, in 1967 the government nationalized SOKIMO and production quickly declined due to lack of investment and exploration, dropping to under 15,000 ounces per year. In 1981, mining in the region was opened to private enterprise, causing rapid growth in artisanal mining as well as formal commercial mining by foreign companies. Gold mining resumed its decline in the 1980s and 1990s. Industrial gold production was affected by the First Congo War from October 1996 to May 1997 and halted by the Second Congo War from August 1998 to May 2003. In 2002 and 2003 there were a series battles between rival armed groups over Mongbwalu in which 2,000 civilians died. In some cases civilians were killed because they were Hema or Lendu people. The town changed hands five times. The Nationalist and Integrationist Front (FNI) Lendu militia emerged the winner. The FNI controlled Mongbwalu and its gold mines until the middle of 2005, using the gold to pay its troops and to buy supplies and weapons. Concession 40 covers surrounding Mongbwalu, and includes the underground Adidi, Makala and Senzere mines. AngloGold Ashanti Kilo, a joing venture between AngloGold Ashanti and the government-owned OKIMO, gained the rights to concession 40, starting exploration in November 2003 and expanding its activities as the UN and DRC government regained and consolidated control over the region. In a major 2005 report, Human Rights Watch accused AngloGold Ashanti Kilo of providing assistance to the FNI during the 2003-2005 period in exchange for gold concessions. The company denies any wrongdoing. The company has provided assistance to the local hospital and schools, and has helped with road repair and drainage works. After further negotiations with OKIMO, in 2010 AngloGold Ashanti began a prefeasibility study for a proposed mine near Mongbwalu. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mongbwalu」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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