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Monodominance
Monodominance is an ecological condition in which more than 60% of the tree canopy comprises a single species of tree.〔Peh, Kelvin S.-H.; Lewis, Simon L.; Lloyd, Jon (July 2011). "Mechanisms of monodominance in diverse tropical tree-dominated systems". Journal of Ecology (British Ecological Society) 99 (4): 891–898.doi:10.1111/j.1365-2745.2011.01827.x.〕〔-Prebble, Matthew; Kennedy, Jean; Southern, Wendy (2010). "Holocene lowland vegetation change and human ecology in Manus Province, Papua New Guinea". In Haberle, S.; Stevenson, J.; Prebble, M. Altered Ecologies: Fire, Climate and Human Influence on Terrestrial Landscapes. Terra Australis Series 32. ANU E Press. ISBN 9781921666803.〕 Although monodominance is studied across different regions, most research focuses on the many prominent species in tropical forests. Connel and Lowman, originally called it single-dominance.〔 Connel, Joseph H.; Lowman, Margaret D. (1989). "Low diversity tropical rainforests: Some possible mechanisms for their existence.". The American Naturalist 134: 88–119. 〕〔 Conventional explanations of biodiversity in tropical forests in the decades prior to Connel and Lowman's work either ignored monodominance entirely or predicted that it would not exist.〔Torti, Sylvia D.; Coley, Phyllis D.; Kursar, Thomas A. (February 2001). "Causes and Consequences of Monodominance in Tropical Lowland Forests". The American Naturalist 157 (2): 141–153. doi:10.1086/318629.〕
Connel and Lowman hypothesized two contrasting mechanisms by which dominance can be attained.〔 The first is by fast regrowth in unstable habitats with high disturbance rates. The second is through competitive exclusion in stable habitats that have low disturbance rates.〔〔 Explanations of persistent monodominace include the monodominant species being more resistant than others to seasonal flooding, or that the monodominance is simply a sere.〔 With persistent monodominance, the monodominant species successfully remains so from generation to generation.〔〔
== Examples ==
A minimum of 22 species from eight different families are known to create monodominant forests.〔Peh, Kelvin S.-H.; Lewis, Simon L.; Lloyd, Jon (July 2011). "Mechanisms of monodominance in diverse tropical tree-dominated systems". Journal of Ecology (British Ecological Society) 99 (4): 891–898.doi:10.1111/j.1365-2745.2011.01827.x.〕 Examples of persistent monodominance are seen in Africa, Central and South America, and Asia.〔Torti, Sylvia D.; Coley, Phyllis D. (June 1999). "Tropical Monodominance: A Preliminary Test of the Ectomycorrhizal Hypothesis". Biotropica (The Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation) 31 (2): 220–228.doi:10.1111/j.1744-7429.1999.tb00134.x.〕 ''Dipterocarpaceae'' is one example of a plant family that is recognized as persistently dominant in Asia.〔 The ectomycorrhizal tree ''Dicymbe corymbosa'', found in central Guyana, creates wide ranges of monodominant forests containing more than 80% of the canopy tree species.〔McGuire, Krista L. "Ectomycorrhizal Associations Function to Maintain Tropical Monodominance." ''Mycorrhizae: Sustainable Agriculture and Forestry''. Z.A. Siddiqui, et al. Netherlands: Springer Science + Business Media B.V., 2008. 287-302. Print.〕
Dominant plants in the Neotropics and Africa are usually in the Leguminosae family.〔 The species ''Gilbertiodendron dewevrei'', ''Cynometra alexandri'', and ''Julbernardia seretii'' are pronounced as exclusive dominants in their individual forests in equatorial Africa.〔Hart, T. B., Hart, J. A., & Murphy, P. G. (1989). Monodominant and species-rich forests of the humid tropics: causes for their co-occurrence. American Naturalist, 613-633.〕 ''G. dewevrei'' dominated forests are more widespread on the highlands adjacent to the central basin of the Zaire River.〔 This species in the Ituri forest forms monodominant stands that occupy more than 90% of the canopy trees.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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