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:''To be distinguished from Monogenic (genetics), Monogenic system''. In Christian Biblical criticism and theology, there have been disputes about the meaning and usage of "monogenes".〔John V. Dahms, "The Johannine Use of Monogenes Reconsidered," ''New Testament Studies'' 29 (1983) 222-32.〕 Does the word mean "only begotten", as it is as traditionally rendered,〔As in the King James Version, Revised Version, New American Standard Bible and the Revised Standard Version - Second Catholic Edition〕 or does it merely mean "only" or "only one"? Does the word mean "only, single, or unique" son, or "special, privileged, favorite, or legitimate" son?〔 Related text-critical issues to (and , etc.). Monogenes has two primary definitions, "pertaining to being the only one of its kind within a specific relationship" and "pertaining to being the only one of its kind or class, unique in kind".〔Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature (BAGD, 3rd Edition)〕 Thus ''monogenēs'' (μονογενὴς) may be used both as an adjective ''monogenēs pais'', meaning unique and special.〔White, The Forgotten Trinity [Minneapolis, MN, Bethany House Publishers, 1998 〕 Its Greek meaning is often applied to mean "one of a kind, one and only". ''Monogenēs'' (μονογενὴς) may be used both as an adjective ''monogenēs pais'', only child, or only legitimate child, special child, and also on its own as a noun; ''o monogenēs'' "the only one", or "the only legitimate child".〔Richard Murphy, Background To The Bible, Servant Publications, 1978. 〕 It can be applied to an only child, or only legitimate child, special child, and also on its own as a noun; ''o monogenēs'' "the only one", or "the only legitimate child". The word is used in Hebrews 11:17-19 to describe Isaac, the son of Abraham. However Isaac was not the only-begotten son of Abraham, but was the chosen, having especial virtue. The term is notable outside normal Greek usage in two special areas: in the cosmology of Plato and in the Gospel of John. As concerns the use by Plato there is broad academic consensus, generally following the understanding of the philosopher Proclus (412–485 AD). ==Lexical entry== In A Greek-English Lexicon of Liddell & Scott the following main definition is given: :A. the only member of a kin or kind: hence, generally, only, single, "child" (''pais'', παῖς) Hesiod, ''Works and Days'' 376; Herodotus ''Histories'' 7.221; cf. Gospel of John 1.14; Josephus, ''Antiquities of the Jews'' 32.1; Hesiod ''Theogony'', concerning Hecate. :2. unique, of (to on, τὸ ὄν), Parmenides 8.4; “εἷς ὅδε μ. οὐρανὸς γεγονώς” Plato Timaeus.31b, cf. Proclus ''Institutio Theologica'' 22; “θεὸς ὁ μ.” Friedrich Preisigke's ''Sammelbuch'' 4324.15.〔(LSJ Dictionary Entry )〕 A typical example: :"The Egyptians told me that Maneros was the only son of their first king, who died prematurely, and this dirge was sung by the Egyptians in his honor; and this, they said, was their earliest and their only chant." (Herodotus ''Histories'' 2:79)〔Herodotus, with an English translation by A. D. Godley. Cambridge. Harvard University Press. 1920.〕 But note that this example does not necessarily rule out sons by concubines. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Monogenēs」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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