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Monomorium
''Monomorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae. As of 2013 it contains about 396 species.〔(''Monomorium''. ) AntWeb. v5.1.17.〕 It is distributed around the world, with many species native to the Old World tropics.〔Aldawood, A. S. and M. R. Sharaf. (2011). (''Monomorium dryhimi'' sp. n., a new ant species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of the ''M. monomorium'' group from Saudi Arabia, with a key to the Arabian ''Monomorium monomorium''-group. ) ''ZooKeys'' 106, 47-54.〕 It is considered to be "one of the more important groups of ants," considering its widespread distribution, its diversity, and its variety of morphological and biological characteristics.〔Heterick, B. E. (2003). (Two new Australian ''Monomorium'' Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), including a highly distinctive species. ) ''Australian Journal of Entomology'' 42(3), 249-53.〕 It also includes several familiar pest species, such as the pharaoh ant (''M. pharaonis''), the Singapore ant (''M. destructor''), and the flower ant (''M. floricola'').〔
==Description==
This genus is very diverse in morphology, with species of many shapes and sizes that "do not necessarily even remotely resemble one another" at first glance.〔
While the worker caste is monomorphic in some species, in others it is polymorphic. In some species the workers are minute, in others they are rather large. Large, multifaceted eyes are common, but ''M. inusuale'' has much reduced eyes, as do some species from Africa. The sting is always functional.〔Fernández, F. (2007). Two new South American species of ''Monomorium'' Mayr with taxonomic notes on the genus. ''In:'' Snelling, R. R., et al. (eds). Advances in ant systematics (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): homage to E. O. Wilson – 50 years of contributions. ''Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute'' 80, 128-45.〕
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