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In narratology and comparative mythology, the monomyth, or the hero's journey, is the common template of a broad category of tales that involve a hero who goes on an adventure, and in a decisive crisis wins a victory, and then comes home changed or transformed.〔(Monomyth Website, ORIAS, UC Berkeley ) accessed 2009-11-03〕 The concept was introduced by Joseph Campbell in ''The Hero with a Thousand Faces'' (1949), who described the basic narrative pattern as follows: Campbell and other scholars, such as Erich Neumann, describe narratives of Gautama Buddha, Moses, and Christ in terms of the monomyth. Critics argue that the concept is too broad or general to be of much usefulness in comparative mythology. ==Terminology== Campbell borrowed the word ''monomyth'' from Joyce's ''Finnegans Wake'' (1939). Campbell was a notable scholar of James Joyce's work and with ''A Skeleton Key to Finnegans Wake'' (1944) co-authored the seminal analysis of Joyce's final novel.〔Campbell, Joseph and Henry Morton Robinson. ''A Skeleton Key to Finnegans Wake'', 1944.() Joseph Campbell, ''The Hero with a Thousand Faces''. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1949. p. 30, n35. "At the carryfour with awlus plawshus, their happyass cloudious! And then and too the trivials! And their bivouac! And his monomyth! Ah ho! Say no more about it! I'm sorry!" James Joyce, ''Finnegans Wake''. NY: Viking (1939) p. 581〕 Campbell's singular ''the'' monomyth implies that the "hero's journey" is the ultimate narrative archetype, but the term ''monomyth'' has occasionally been used more generally, as a term for a mythological archetype or a supposed mytheme that re-occurs throughout the world's cultures.〔 John Collier, foreword to a 1987 reprint of Mabel Dodge Luhan (1937) ''Edge of Taos Desert: An Escape to Reality'', (p. viii ) "The myth is obviously related to what one might call ''the'' monomyth of paradise regained that has been articulated and transformed in a variety of ways since the early European explorations." Steven Ashe, ''Qabalah of 50 Gates '' (2008), ( p. 21 ): "those aspects of legend that are symbolically equivalent within the folk lore of different cultures" 〕 Omry Ronen referred to Vyacheslav Ivanov's treatment of Dionysus as an "avatar of Christ" (1904) as "Ivanov's monomyth".〔"Dionysus, Ivanov's 'monomyth,' as Omry Ronen has put it, is the symbol of the symbol. One could also name Dionysus, the myth of the myth, the metamyth which signifies the very principle of mediation, ()" J. Douglas Clayton (ed.), ''Issues in Russian Literature Before 1917'' (1989), p. 212.〕 The phrase "the hero's journey", used in reference to Campbell's monomyth, first entered into popular discourse through two documentaries. The first, released in 1987, ''The Hero's Journey: The World of Joseph Campbell,'' was accompanied by a 1990 companion book, ''The Hero's Journey: Joseph Campbell on His Life and Work'' (with Phil Cousineau and Stuart Brown, eds.). The second was Bill Moyers's series of seminal interviews with Campbell, released in 1988 as the documentary (and companion book) ''The Power of Myth''. Cousineau in the introduction to the revised edition of ''The Hero's Journey'' wrote "the monomyth is in effect a ''metamyth'', a philosophical reading of the unity of mankind's ''spiritual'' history, the Story behind the story".〔''The Hero's Journey'', New World Library 2003, p. xxi.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Monomyth」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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