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Étienne-Gabriel Morelly
Étienne-Gabriel Morelly (; 1717, Vitry-le-François – 1778) was a French utopian thinker and novelist. An otherwise "obscure tax official",〔Michael Sonenscher, ''Sans-Culottes: An Eighteenth-Century Emblem in the French Revolution'', Princeton University Press, 2008, p.229〕 Morelly wrote two books on education and a critique of Montesquieu. As well he is thought to be (perhaps erroneously) the author of ''The Code of Nature,'' which was published anonymously in France in 1755. This book, a basis of thought for later socialist and Communist thinkers, criticized the society of his day, promoted a social order without avarice and proposed a constitution intended to lead to an egalitarian society without property, marriage, church or police.〔''The Cambridge History of Eighteenth-Century Political Thought'', ed. Mark Goldie and Robert Wokler, Cambridge University Press, 2006, p.762〕
==Outline==
According to ''The Code of Nature'', "...where no property exists, none of its pernicious consequences could exist...." As Morelly believed that almost all social and moral ills were a consequence of private property, his proposed constitution eliminates most private property.
Because of this latter characteristic of his utopia, Morelly is often seen as a significant forerunner of later socialist and communist thinkers. François-Noël Babeuf, Charles Fourier, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, Louis Blanc, Friedrich Engels, and Karl Marx all discussed Morelly's ideas in their own writing.
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