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Morlachs
Morlachs (Croatian and (セルビア語:''Morlaci''), ) was an exonym used for a rural community in the Lika and Dalmatian hinterlands. The term was initially used for a Vlach pastoralist community in the mountains of Croatia and the Republic of Venice in the second half of the 14th until the early 16th century. Later, when the community straddled the Venetian–Ottoman border in the 17th century, for Slavic-speaking, mainly Eastern Orthodox, and to a lesser degree Roman Catholic people. The exonym lost its use by the end of the 18th century, and came to be viewed of as derogatory. With the nation-building in the 19th century, the population of the Dalmatian hinterlands espoused either a Serb or Croat ethnicity.
==Etymology==
The word ''Morlach'' is derived from Italian ''Morlacco'' and Latin ''Morlachus'' or ''Murlachus'', being cognate to Greek Μαυροβλάχοι ''Maurovlachoi'', meaning "Black Vlachs" (from Greek μαύρο ''mauro'' meaning "dark", "black"). The Serbo-Croatian term in singular is ' and plural ' (). In some 16th-century redactions of the Doclean Chronicle, they are referred to as "Morlachs or ''Nigri Latini''" (Black Latins). Petar Skok derived it from Latin ''maurus'' and Greek ''maurós'' ("dark"), the diphthongs ''au'' and ''av'' indicating a Dalmato-Romanian lexical remnant.
There are several interpretations of the ethnonym and phrase "moro/mavro/mauro vlasi". The direct translation of the name Morovlasi in Serbo-Croatian would mean Black Vlachs. It was considered that "black" referred to their clothes of brown cloth; The 17th-century historian from Dalmatia Johannes Lucius gave the thesis that it actually meant "Black Latins", compared to "White Romans" in coastal areas; The 18th-century writer Alberto Fortis in his book ''Travels in Dalmatia'' (1774), where he extensively wrote about the Morlachs, thought that it came from Slavic ''more'' ("sea") – ''morski Vlasi'' meaning "Sea Vlachs"; 18th-century writer Ivan Lovrić, observing Fortis work, thought that it came from "more" (sea) and "(v)lac(s)i" (strong) ("strongmen by the sea"), and mentioned how the Greeks called Upper Vlachia ''Maurovlachia'' and that the Morlachs would have brought that name with them; there's a similar interpretation, by Cicerone Poghirc, that it meant "Northern Latins" (Cicerone Poghirc), derived from the Indo-European practice of indicating cardinal directions by colors; another theory is that it refers to their camps and pastures which were built in "dark" places; or that it was a demonym derived from the Morava river region;〔 or from the Morea peninsula; or, according to Dominik Mandić, from African Maurs.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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