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Mostaganem
Mostaganem ((アラビア語:مستغانم)) is a port city in and capital of Mostaganem province, in the northwest of Algeria. The city, founded in the 11th century lies on the Gulf of Arzew, Mediterranean Sea and is 72 km ENE of Oran. It has 245,330 inhabitants as of the 2014 census.〔()〕
The city was founded in the 11th century as ''Murustage'' but has origins going back to Punic and Roman times. In 1516 it was captured by the Ottoman admiral Barbarossa and became a centre for Mediterranean sea corsairs, as well as a commercial port. By 1700 it had come under Ottoman rule and in 1833 the city was taken by France and a garrison established. Algeria became independent in 1962.
== History ==
Mostaganem corresponds to the ancient Punic port of Murustaga. After becoming part of the Roman Empire, it was, according to some sources, officially renamed Cartennae under the emperor Gallienus (253–268).〔(Murustaga-Mostaganem )〕 However, according to more weighty sources, Cartennae (or Cartenna or Cartennas) corresponds instead to modern Ténès, 50 km to the east.〔(J. D. Fage, Roland Anthony Oliver (editors), ''The Cambridge History of Africa'', Vol. 2 (Cambridge University Press 1978 ISBN 978-0-52121592-3), p. 118 )〕〔(François Decret, ''Early Christianity in North Africa (James Clarke & Co. 2014 ISBN 978-0-22790308-7), p. 84 )〕 In any case, Murustaga is the name by which the town was known when it became a Christian bishopric, and by which it is referred to in the Catholic Church's list of episcopal sees.〔''Annuario Pontificio 2013'' (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2013, ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1), p. 935〕 It also underlies the modern name of Mostaganem.
The town was conquered by the Almoravids and reached its high point of power under Yusuf ibn Tashfin (c. 1061-1106). It was later ruled by the Ziyanids of Tlemcen and the Marinids of Fes. In the 16th century, the town resisted a Spanish invasion and came under the power of the Ottoman Hayreddin Barbarossa.〔
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