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Motza (or Motsa) () is a neighbourhood in the western edge of Jerusalem, Israel, located 600 metres above sea level. In the Judean Hills, surrounded by forest, it is a relatively isolated place connected to Jerusalem by the Jerusalem-Tel Aviv highway and the winding mountain road to Har Nof. Originally, the first modern Jewish neighbourhood outside the Old City, Motza is located on the site of a Biblical village of the same name, mentioned in Joshua 18:26.〔(National Campus for the Archeology of Israel )〕 It was the scene of a violent attack in the 1929 Palestine riots.〔(Motza, Atarot, and Neveh Yaacov )〕〔(Ancient Motza )〕 ==History== In 1854, farmland was purchased from the nearby Arab village of Qalunya (Colonia) by a Baghdadi Jew, Shaul Yehuda, with the aid of British consul James Finn. Jewish families from Jerusalem joined the enterprise, one of which ran a tile factory, among the earliest industry in the region. Despite preparation for groundbreaking and deciding on the name ''Motza'' for the place, legal complications prevented settlement, though a traveller's inn was established at the site in 1871 by Yehoshua Yellin, a notable figure of the Old Yishuv. He built the inn on the foundation of an older Roman building. A B'nai B'rith official eventually solved the legal problems, and finalized a deal in which the Motza residents could pay for their plots in long-term payments.〔〔(לגרב ימ בכרב ימ )〕 When Theodor Herzl visited Palestine in 1898, he passed through Motza, which then had a population of 200. Captivated by the landscape, he planted a cypress tree on the hill. After he died in 1905, at the ago of 45, it became an annual pilgrimage site by Zionist youth, who planted more trees around Herzl's tree.〔(Planting from the remains )〕David Remez named the sanatorium opened in the village ''Arza'', or cedar, even though it was a different species of tree.〔http://www.feeljerusalem.com/videos/modern_pilgrimage.html〕 During World War I, Herzl's tree was cut down by the Turks who were leveling forests for firewood and supplies.〔 The children of Motza were educated by author and researcher Moshe David Gaon, father of future star Yehoram Gaon. The village was the only Jewish presence in the area, as the other Jewish villages of Kfar Uria and Hartuv were far to the west among the Judean foothills.〔〔(Herzl’s Tree )〕〔(סיפור הפרברים: חמישה אתרים בשולי ירושלים )〕 The Hope Simpson Report in 1930 mentions a farmer by the name of Broza who owned a flourishing orchard in Motza.〔(Hope Simpson Report )〕 In 1933 the villagers founded the neighbouring Upper Motza (''Motza Illit''). Jerusalem's expansion incorporated Motza into the city. In December 1948, United Nations General Assembly Resolution 194 recommended that ''"the built-up area of Motsa"'' be included in the Jerusalem "Corpus separatum", which was to be detached from "the rest of Palestine" and "placed under effective United Nations control". However, like other provisions of Resolution 194, this was never carried out in practice, and Motza became part of the State of Israel. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Motza」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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