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Kura River
Kura River ((グルジア語:მტკვარი, ''Mt'k'vari''); (アルメニア語:Կուր, ''Kur''); (アゼルバイジャン語:Kür); ; (クルド語:rûbara kur); (トルコ語:Kura))〔Allen, William Edward David. (''A history of the Georgian people: from the beginning down to the Russian conquest in the nineteenth century'' ), Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1971, p.8. ISBN 978-0-7100-6959-7〕〔Gachechiladze, Revaz. (''The New Georgia'' ), TAMU Press, 1996, p.18. ISBN 978-0-89096-703-4〕 is an east-flowing river south of the Greater Caucasus Mountains which drains the southern slopes of the Greater Caucasus east into the Caspian Sea. It also drains the north side of the Lesser Caucasus while its main tributary, the Aras drains the south side of those mountains. Starting in northeastern Turkey, it flows through Turkey to Georgia, then to Azerbaijan, where it receives the Aras as a right tributary, and enters the Caspian Sea. The total length of the river is .
People have inhabited the Caucasus region for thousands of years, and first established agriculture in the Kura Valley over 4,500 years ago. Large, complex civilizations eventually grew up on the river, but by 1200 CE, most were reduced to ruin by natural disasters and foreign invaders. The increasing human use, and eventual damage, of the watershed’s forests and grasslands contributed to a rising intensity of floods through the 20th century. In the 1950s, the Soviet Union started building many dams and canals on the river. Previously navigable up to Tbilisi in Georgia, it is now much slower and shallower, as its power has been harnessed by hydroelectric power stations. The river is now moderately polluted by major industrial centers like Tbilisi and Rustavi in Georgia.
==Name==
The name Kura is related to the name of Cyrus the Great, emperor of Persia, The Georgian name of Kura is ''Mt'k'vari'' (in old Georgian ''Mt'k'uari''), either from Georgian "good water" or a Georgianized form of Megrelian ''tkvar-ua'' "gnaw" (as in, "river that eats its way through the mountains").〔Pospelov, E.M. ''Geograficheskie nazvaniya mira'' (Moskva, 1998), p. 231.〕 The name Kura was adopted first by the Russians and later by European cartographers. In some definitions of Europe, the Kura River defines the borderline between Europe and Asia.〔(Countries that exist wholly or partially within geographical Europe )〕
The river should not be confused with the Kura River, Russia, a westward flowing tributary of the Malka River in Stavropol Krai; the Kur River near Kursk, Russia; or the other Kur River near Khabarovsk, also in Russia.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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