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Mudiriyah
Mudiriyah ((アラビア語:مديرية), plural ''Mudiriyat''), meaning "directorate" (from مدير ''mudir'', meaning "director"), is an administrative subdivision also known in English as mudirate,〔Nachtigal, Gustav (1971) ''Sahara and Sudan: Wadai and Darfur'' (Volume 4 of ''Sahara and Sudan'') Hurst, London, (page 413 ), 〕 and often translated as "province".〔Amery, Harold François Saphir (1905) ''English-Arabic vocabulary for the use of officials in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan'' Intelligence Department, Egyptian Ministry of War, Al-Mokattam Printing Office, Cairo, (page 435 ), 〕〔Johnson, Amy J. (2004) ''Reconstructing Rural Egypt: Ahmed Hussein and the history of Egyptian development'' Syracuse University Press, Syracuse, New York, (page 281 ), ISBN 0-8156-3014-X〕 It was used in Egypt and in Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.〔 The term was also used in Yemen.〔Salmoni, Barak A.; Loidolt, Bryce and Wells, Madeleine (2010) ''Regime and periphery in Northern Yemen: the Huthi phenomenon'' (Rand Corporation monograph series, MG-962-DIA) Rand Corporation, Santa Monica, California, (pages 81-82 ), ISBN 978-0-8330-4933-9〕 The mudiriya were subdivided into markaz, or districts.〔 In modern Egypt, these subdivisions were replaced by governorates (''muhafazat'').
==Notes==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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