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1462 – ? }} 1462–1680s }} |event_start = Formation of the Moghulistan |year_start = 1347 |date_start = |event1 = |date_event1 = |event2 = |date_event2 = |event3 = |date_event3 = |event_end = Moghulistan split into two parts |year_end = 1462 |date_end = |p1 = Chagatai Khanate |flag_p1 = Flag_of_Chagatai_khanate.svg |s1 = Kumul Khanate |flag_s4 = |s2 = Turfan Khanate |flag_s2 = |image_flag = |flag_type = |image_coat = |image_map = Moghulistan.png |image_map_caption = Location of Moghulistan (Eastern Chagatai Khanate) |capital = |common_languages = Middle Mongolian |religion = Shamanism, later Sunni Islam |currency = |government_type = Monarchy |leader1 = Tughlugh Timur |year_leader1 = 1347-1363 |leader2 = Ilyas Khoja |year_leader2 = 1363–1368 |leader3 = Esen Buqa II |year_leader3 = 1429–1462 |title_leader = Khan |legislature = |stat_year1 = |stat_area1 = |stat_year2 = |stat_area2 = |today = }} Moghulistan (Mughalistan, Moghul Khanate) (from the (ペルシア語:مغولستان)), also called the Eastern Chagatai Khanate (), was a Mongol breakaway khanate of the Chagatai Khanate and a historical geographic area north of the Tian Shan mountain range,〔 on the border of Central Asia and East Asia. That area today includes parts of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and northwest China (Xinjiang). A khanate nominally ruled over the area from the mid-14th century until the late 17th century, although it is debatable whether it was a continuation of the Chagatai Khanate, an independent khanate, or a tributary state to Ming Dynasty China. Beginning in the mid-14th century a new khanate, in the form of a nomadic tribal confederacy headed by a member of the family of Chagatai, arose in the region of the Ili River. It is therefore considered to be a continuation of the Chagatai Khanate, but it is also referred to as the Moghul Khanate,〔Kim, p. 290; n.1 discusses the various names used for this khanate. In addition, Timurid authors pejoratively called the Moghuls ''Jatah'', or "worthless people." Elias, p. 75〕 since its tribal inhabitants were originally considered to be pure "Moghuls" (i.e., Mongols), in contrast to the mostly Turkic and Turkicised Mongols of the Western Chagatai Khanate.〔Roemer, p.43〕 In actuality, local control rested with local Mongol Dughlats or Sufi Naqshbandi in their respective oases. Although the rulers enjoyed great wealth from the China trade, it was beset by constant civil war and invasions by the Timurid Empire, which emerged from the western part of the erstwhile Chagatai Khanate. Independence-minded khans created their own domains in cities like Kashgar and Turfan. Eventually it was overcome by the Kyrgyz, Kazakhs, and Oirats. ==Etymology== "Moghulistan" simply means "Land of the Moghuls" or Mongols (the term ''Mughal'' is Persian for "Mongol") in reference to the eastern branch of the Mongolian Chagatai Khans who ruled it. The term "Moghulistan" occurs mostly in Soviet historiography, while Chinese historiography mostly uses the term "East Chagatai Khanate" (), which contrasts Moghulistan to the Timurid Empire. The Moghul Khans considered themselves heir to Mongol traditions and called themselves ''Mongghul Uls'', from which the Persian term "Moghulistan" comes. Ming Dynasty Mandarins called the Moghuls "the Mongol tribes () in Beshbalik". The Timurid exonym for Moghulistan was ''Ulus-i Jatah''. When the Mongols conquered most of Asia and Russia in the 13th century and constructed the Mongol Empire, they lived as minorities in many of the regions they had subdued, such as Iran and China. As a result, the Mongols in these regions quickly adopted the local culture. For example, in the Persian Ilkhanate the Mongol khans adopted Islam after less than half a century, while the khans of the Yuan Dynasty embraced Chinese court customs. In contrast, the Mongols and their subordinates who settled in what came to be known as Moghulistan were in origin steppe nomads from Mongolia.〔Uighurs ruled the Uighur Khaganate of Mongolia in the 8th and 9th centuries. The nomadic Mekrin or Bekrin are considered Turco-Mongols.〕 Because of this, they were much more resistant to changing their way of life; they retained their primarily nomadic lifestyle for several centuries and were among the last of the Mongols who converted to Islam to do so. During the 14th century the inhabitants of Moghulistan were known as "Jats" and the area they occupied was called "Jatah". This term is also used by numerous people in South Asia - in Pakistan and in parts of western India. It is claimed that parts of the population still spoke Mongolian until the late 16th century. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Moghulistan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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