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Mukhalinga
In Hindu iconography, Mukhalinga or Mukhalingam (literally "''linga with a face''", ) is a linga with one or more human faces. The linga is an aniconic representation of the Hindu god Shiva and is sometimes interpreted as a phallic symbol.〔 Mukhalingas may be of stone or can be made of a metal sheath, which covers the normal linga.
The mukhalinga generally has one, four or five faces. Mukhalingas having four faces are also regarded to have an invisible fifth face at the top of the linga. The four- and five-faced mukhalingas represent the five aspects of Shiva, which also relate to the classical elements and the cardinal directions.
==Iconography of stone Mukhalingas in texts==
The iconography and making of the mukhalinga is prescribed in the Agamas and the Tantras.〔Rao pp. 86-88〕 These sculptured lingas fall under the classification of ''manusha-linga'' ("man-made lingas"), the other category being Swayambhu or naturally occurring lingas.〔 A ''manusha-linga'' has three parts: the ''Brahma-bhaga'', the lowest part of the linga which is a square platform; ''Vishnu-bhaga'' - the middle section of the linga with a pedestal or ''pitha'' and ''Rudra-bhaga'', the topmost part of the central shaft with a rounded tip.〔Rao pp. 86-88〕 Mukhalinga should be ''sarvasama'' ("all-equal"), where the three parts are equal. On the topmost ''rudra-bhaga'' or ''puja-bhaga'', one face and a maximum of five faces may be carved. If the sanctum (''garbhagriha'') has only one door, then the linga should have only one face on the front (the east), facing the door. In case of two doors, it should have two faces - front and back - facing the doors in the east and the west. In case of three doors, the linga should have three faces, except in the west. When the shrine has four doors, the linga may have four or five faces. The four faces should face the doors in the four cardinal directions; in addition if a fifth face exists, it should be carved on the top and face the front, the east. When mukhalinga is four-faced, instead of only faces, the busts of the deities are carved on the four side; each having two arms.〔
The stone mukhalingas may be depicted comprising just of the central shaft, but may be part of the full assemble, where the shaft is embedded in the ''pitha'' pedestal, denoting the yoni, the female sexual organ.〔〔Kossak p. 143〕〔
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