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Mukhi
Mukhi (''mukhia'') is title used for a head of community or village elites〔India's Villages. Development Department, West Bengal, 1955〕 and their local government in Western India and the Sindh.〔Peasant Pasts: History and Memory in Western India. Vinayak, Chaturvedi, University of California Press, 2007〕 It is derived from the word "''mukhiya''" meaning "foremost" and prior to Indian Independence, they were the most power person in each community imbued with both civil and judicial powers.〔The Thakors of north Gujarat: a caste in the village and the region. Studies in sociology and social anthropology, Lobo, Lancy. Hindustan Pub. Corp., 1995. ISBN= 8170750350,〕〔Tribe, Volumes 2-6. Tribal Research Institute (Rajasthan, India). Tribal Research Institute and Training Centre, 1966〕
==Status==
Mukhi headmen generally came from the wealthiest 〔Villages, Women, and the Success of Dairy Cooperatives in India: Making Place for Rural Development. Basu, Pratyusha. Cambria Press, 2009〕 or most prominent families within their community 〔The Twice-born: A Study of a Community of High-caste Hindus. Carstairs, G. Morris, Indiana University Press, 1967〕 and acted as the president of the local panchayats.〔〔Research in Sociology: Abstracts of M.A. and Ph. D. Dissertations Completed in the Department of Sociology, University of Bombay. Concept Publishing Company, 1989〕 According to local traditions, the mukhi could be a hereditary position inherited by the eldest son 〔Gujarat, Part 3. Popular Prakashan, 2003〕 or an elected position, as were the panchayats. Decisions made by the panchayat were accepted by their communities and did not require enforcement.〔Encyclopaedia of Indian Woman: Emancipation Through Legislative Reforms, Volume 5. Akashdeep, 1990〕
In developed areas, many also held high positions in business.〔The Global World of Indian Merchants, 1750-1947: Traders of Sind from Bukhara to Panama, Markovits, Claude. Cambridge University Press, 22 Jun 2000〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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