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The Mukti Bahini ((ベンガル語:মুক্তি বাহিনী) meaning Freedom Fighters or Liberation Forces; also known as the Bangladesh Forces) is a popular Bengali term which refers to the guerrilla resistance movement formed by Bangladeshi military, paramilitary and civilians during the country's War of Liberation in 1971. Following the start of Operation Searchlight and the 1971 Bangladesh Genocide by the Pakistan Army in East Pakistan, Bengali military and paramilitary units revolted across the territory. They were joined by thousands of Bengali civilians from a wide strata of society, including villages and elite urban areas. The Bangladeshi Declaration of Independence was proclaimed from Chittagong by members of the Mukti Bahini on behalf of Prime Minister-elect Sheikh Mujibur Rahman- who was detained by the military junta in West Pakistan. A formal military leadership took shape in April 1971 under the Provisional Government of Bangladesh. The military council was headed by General M. A. G. Osmani and eleven sector commanders. The Bangladesh Armed Forces were established on 4 April 1971. Aside from regular units like the East Bengal Regiment and the East Pakistan Rifles, the Mukti Bahini also consisted of the civilian Gonobahini (People's Force). The most prominent divisions of the Mukti Bahini were the Z Force led by Major Ziaur Rahman, the K Force led by Major Khaled Mosharraf and the S Force led by Major K M Shafiullah. Awami League student leaders formed militia units like the Mujib Bahini, the Kader Bahini and Hemayet Bahini. Communists led by Comrade Moni Singh and activists from the National Awami Party also operated several guerrilla battalions. The Mukti Bahini has been compared with the French Resistance, the Yugoslav Partisans and the Viet Cong for its tactics and effectiveness. With guerrilla warfare, it secured control over large parts of the Bengali countryside. It conducted successful ambush and sabotage campaigns,〔http://www.cdrb.org/journal/2008/4/1.pdf〕 and included the nascent Bangladesh Air Force and the Bangladesh Navy. The Mukti Bahini received support from India, where people in its eastern and northeastern states shared a common Bengali ethnic and linguistic heritage with East Pakistan. During the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, the Mukti Bahini became part of the Bangladesh-India Allied Forces. It was instrumental in securing the Surrender of Pakistan and the liberation of Dacca and other cities in December 1971. ==Early resistance== When the Pakistan Army started the military crackdown on the Bengali population, they did not expect prolonged resistance.〔Pakistan Defence Journal, 1977, Vol 2, p2-3〕 Five battalions of the East Bengal Regiment mutinied and initiated the Bangladesh War of Liberation. The East Pakistan Rifles (EPR) and the East Pakistan Police suffered heavy casualties while challenging the Pakistan Army in Dhaka, where West Pakistani forces began the 1971 Bangladesh Genocide with the Dhaka University massacre. Civilians took control of arms depots in various cities. They began resisting Pakistani forces with the local weapons supply. Chittagong witnessed heavy fighting between rebel Bengali military units and Pakistani forces. The Bangladeshi Declaration of Independence was broadcast from Kalurghat Radio Station in Chittagong by Major Ziaur Rahman. Bengali forces took control numerous districts in the initial months of the war, including Brahmanbaria, Faridpur, Barisal, Mymensingh, Comilla and Kushtia among others. With the support of the local population, many towns remained under the control of Bengali forces until April and May 1971. Notable engagements during this period included the Battle of Kamalpur, the Battle of Daruin and the Battle of Rangamati-Mahalchari waterway in the Chittagong Hill Tracts.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Notable battles in the 11 Sectors - Dhaka Tribune )〕 The Pakistan Army retook control of most district capitals by the beginning of the monsoon, after air strikes by the Pakistan Air Force on major Bengali towns; and the arrival of reinforcements across the rivers of Bengal. Pakistani forces pursued the mass murder of pro-independence citizens, students, intelligentsia and activists to subdue the Bengali population and self-determination movement. War rape, enforced disappearances, electric shock torture, deportation and persecution of minority Hindus were perpetrated by the Pakistani military against the liberation movement. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mukti Bahini」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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