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Ṣadr ad-Dīn Muḥammad Shīrāzī, also called Mulla Sadrā ((ペルシア語:ملا صدرا); also spelled Molla Sadra, Mollasadra or Sadr-ol-Mote'allehin; (アラビア語:صدرالمتألهین)) (c. 1571/2 – 1640), a Iranian Shia Islamic philosopher, theologian and ‘Ālim who led the Iranian cultural renaissance in the 17th century. According to Oliver Leaman, Mulla Sadra is arguably the single most important and influential philosopher in the Muslim world in the last four hundred years.〔Leaman (2007), p.146〕〔(Mulla Sadra (Sadr al-Din Muhammad al-Shirazi) (1571/2-1640) ) by John Cooper〕 Though not its founder, he is considered the master of the Illuminationist (or, Ishraghi or Ishraqi) school of Philosophy, a seminal figure who synthesized the many tracts of the Islamic Golden Age philosophies into what he called the Transcendent Theosophy or ''al-hikmah al-muta’liyah''. Mulla Sadra brought "a new philosophical insight in dealing with the nature of reality" and created "a major transition from essentialism to existentialism" in Islamic philosophy, although his existentialism should not be too readily compared to Western existentialism. His was a question of existentialist cosmology as it pertained to Allah, and thus differs considerably from the individual, moral, and/or social, questions at the heart of Russian, French, German, or American Existentialism. Mulla Sadra's philosophy ambitiously synthesized Avicennism, Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi's Illuminationist philosophy, Ibn Arabi's Sufi metaphysics, and the theology of the Ash'ari school and Twelvers.〔Leaman (2007), pp.146 and 147〕 His main work is The Transcendent theosophy in the Four Journeys of the intellect, or simply Four Journeys. ==Biography== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mulla Sadra」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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