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Mummichog
The mummichog (''Fundulus heteroclitus'') is a small killifish found along the Atlantic coast of the United States and Canada. Also known as mummies, gudgeons, and mud minnows, these fish inhabit brackish and coastal waters including estuaries and salt marshes. The species is noted for its hardiness and ability to tolerate highly variable salinity, temperature fluctuations from , very low oxygen levels (down to 1 mg/L), and heavily polluted ecosystems. As a result, the mummichog is a popular research subject in embryological, physiological, and toxicological studies. It is also the first fish ever sent to space, aboard Skylab in 1973.
==Taxonomy==
''Fundulus'' comes from ''ラテン語:fundus'', meaning bottom, from the fish's habit of swimming near muddy bottoms. ''Heteroclitus'' means irregular or unusual. The type specimen was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1766, from near Charleston, South Carolina. Past scientific names for this species include ''Cobitis heteroclita'', ''Fundulus fasciatus'', ''Fundulus pisculentus'', and ''Fundulus nigrofasciatus''.〔Scott, W.B., and Crossman, E.J. 1973. Freshwater fishes of Canada. Bulletin 184 of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Ottawa.〕 The mummichog belongs to the order Cyprinodontiformes, and the family Fundulidae. There are two subspecies: ''F. h. heteroclitus'' (Linnaeus, 1766), in the south and ''F. h. macrolepidotus'' (Walbaum, 1792) in the north.
The name mummichog is derived from a Narragansett term which means "going in crowds", which reflects the mummichog's strong shoaling tendency.〔"Mummichog." Merriam-Webster.com. Merriam-Webster, n.d. Web. 6 February 2014. 〕 Colloquial names include mummy, killie, salt water minnow, mud minnow, mud dabbler, marsh minnow, brackish water chub, gudgeon, and common killifish. Some of these terms may lead to confusion: the term minnow should be reserved for species of the Cyprinidae family, the mudminnows are members of the Umbridae family, and the name gudgeon is used for various bottom-dwelling species of cyprinid, eleotrid, and ptereleotrid fishes, none of which belongs to the same family as the fundulid mummichog.
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