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The ''Muqaddimah'', also known as the ''Muqaddimah of Ibn Khaldun'' ((アラビア語:مقدّمة ابن خلدون)) or ''Ibn Khaldun's Prolegomena'' (), is a book written by the North African Muslim Arab historian Ibn Khaldun in 1377 which records an early view of universal history. Some modern thinkers view it as the first work dealing with the philosophy of history or the social sciences〔Akbar Ahmed (2002). "Ibn Khaldun’s Understanding of Civilizations and the Dilemmas of Islam and the West Today", ''Middle East Journal'' 56 (1), p. 25.〕 of sociology,〔 demography,〔H. Mowlana (2001). "Information in the Arab World", ''Cooperation South Journal'' 1.〕 historiography,〔〔Salahuddin Ahmed (1999). ''A Dictionary of Muslim Names''. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. ISBN 1-85065-356-9.〕 cultural history,〔Mohamad Abdalla (Summer 2007. "Ibn Khaldun on the Fate of Islamic Science after the 11th Century", ''Islam & Science'' 5 (1), p. 61-70.〕 social darwinism,〔https://books.google.fr/books?id=lxRFtZgFvFAC&pg=PA74&dq=Ibn+Khaldoun+darwinism&hl=en&sa=X&ei=5wrNVOLtDMbuUojwg7gB&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Ibn%20Khaldoun%20darwinism&f=false〕 ecology,〔https://books.google.fr/books?id=1gs0AAAAQBAJ&pg=PT168&dq=Ibn+Khaldoun+%22ecologist%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=_QvNVIL-F9T1asLZgbAF&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAQ〕 darwinism and economics.〔I. M. Oweiss (1988), "Ibn Khaldun, the Father of Economics", ''Arab Civilization: Challenges and Responses'', New York University Press, ISBN 0-88706-698-4.〕〔Jean David C. Boulakia (1971), "Ibn Khaldun: A Fourteenth-Century Economist", ''The Journal of Political Economy'' 79 (5): 1105–1118.〕 The ''Muqaddimah'' also deals with Islamic theology, political theory and the natural sciences of biology and chemistry. Ibn Khaldun wrote the work in 1377 as the introduction chapter and the first book of his planned work of world history, the ''Kitābu l-ʻibar'' ("Book of Lessons"; full title: ''Kitābu l-ʻibari wa Dīwāni l-Mubtada' wal-Ḥabar fī ayāmi l-ʻarab wal-ʿajam wal-barbar, waman ʻĀsarahum min Dhawī sh-Shalṭāni l-Akbār'', ie: "Book of Lessons, Record of Beginnings and Events in the history of the Arabs and Foreigners and Berbers and their Powerful Contemporaries"), but already in his lifetime it became regarded as an independent work on its own. ==Content== Ibn Khaldun starts the ''Muqaddimah'' with a thorough criticism of the mistakes regularly committed by his fellow historians and the difficulties which await the historian in his work. He notes seven critical issues:
Against the seventh point (the ignorance of social laws) Ibn Khaldun lays out his theory of human society in the ''Muqaddimah''. Sati' al-Husri suggested that Ibn Khaldun's ''Muqaddimah'' is essentially a sociological work, sketching over its six books a general sociology; a sociology of politics; a sociology of urban life; a sociology of economics; and a sociology of knowledge. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Muqaddimah」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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