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''Murabaḥah'', ''murabaḥa'' or ''murâbaḥah'' (Arabic مرابحة) is an Islamic term for a sale where the buyer and seller agree on the markup for the item(s) being sold. In recent decades it has become a term for "the most prevalent financing mechanism" in Islamic (i.e. "shariah compliant") finance, based on ''murabaḥa'' purchases.〔 As an Islamic financing structure, the seller is the "lender", typically selling something the borrowing person or company needs for their business. The buyer/borrower pays in periodic installments, and at a higher price than the seller/lender paid for the item(s), but with a profit margin agreed on by both parties.〔 The profit made by the seller/lender is not regarded as interest on a loan, (or any kind of compensation for the use of the lender's capital), as this would be forbidden as ''riba''. Instead it is seen as "a profit on the sale of goods". Murabaha is similar to a rent-to-own arrangement, with the intermediary retaining ownership of the property until the loan is paid in full.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/murabaha.asp )〕 As the requirement includes an "honest declaration of cost", Murâbaḥah is one of three types of ''bayu-al-amanah'' (fiduciary sale). The other two types of ''bayu-al-amanah'' are ''tawliyah'' (sale at cost) and ''wadiah'' (sale at specified loss). If the exact cost of the item(s) cannot be or are not ascertained, they are sold on the basis of ''musawamah'' (bargaining).〔 Different banks use this instrument in varying ratios. Typically, banks use murabahah in asset financing, property, microfinance and commodity import-export.〔(Government of Pakistan: Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan )〕 The seller may not use Murâbaḥah if profit-sharing modes of financing such as mudarabah or musharakah are practicable. Since those involve risks, they cannot guarantee banks any income. Murabahah, with its fixed margin, offers the seller (i.e. the bank) a more predictable income stream. A profit-sharing instrument, conversely, is preferable as it shares the risks more equitably between seller and buyer. There are, however, practical guidelines in place which aim to ensure that the Murâbaḥah transaction between the bank and the customer is one based on trade and not merely a financing transaction. For instance, the bank must take constructive or actual possession of the good before selling it to the customer. Whilst it can be justified to charge an additional margin to the customer to reflect the time value of money in terms of actual payment not being received from the customer at time zero, the bank can only impose penalties for late payment by agreeing to purify them by donating them to charity. The accounting treatment of Murâbaḥah, and its disclosure and presentation in financial statements, vary from bank to bank. == Details == Under a Commodity Murâbaḥah financing or ''Tawarooq'', a Bank purchases and takes title to the relevant assets (such as precious metals like Palladium) from a third party broker. The Bank then sells the assets to the Borrower at cost plus a specified profit. Payment of the sale price is usually deferred and may be structured in accordance with the wishes of the parties. The Borrower will enter into a contract to sell the assets to the Broker for the cost price. The net result is to create a deferred payment obligation from the Borrower to the Bank. Bank and Customer will usually enter into a succession of such transactions to create monthly, quarterly or semi-annual payment obligations. 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=A Simple Introduction to Islamic Mortgages )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Murabaha」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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