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A ''Musen-Almanach'' ("Muses' Almanac") was a kind of literary annual, popular in Germany from 1770 into the mid 19th century. They were modelled on the ''Almanach des Muses'' published in Paris from 1765. ==Development in the 1770s== The first example was Johann Christian Dieterich's ''Göttinger Musenalmanach'' (GMA) of 1770. It was promoted by the mathematician Abraham Gotthelf Kästner, and published by Heinrich Christian Boie (in partnership with Friedrich Wilhelm Gotter). As a literary outlet for students at the University of Göttingen, it received contributions from Johann Heinrich Voss, Ludwig Christoph Heinrich Hölty, Johann Martin Miller and his relative Gottlob Dietrich Miller, Johann Friedrich Hahn, Johann Thomas Ludwig Wehrs, Johann Anton Leisewitz, and others. In 1774 Boie made Voss editor, but Voss soon left for Hamburg and started a competing almanac; in spring 1775, he was replaced by Leopold Friedrich Günther Goeckingk; he was joined the next year by Gottfried August Bürger, who became sole editor in 1779. After Bürger's death in 1795 he was replaced by Karl Reinhard. A semi-pirated imitation by Engelhard Benjamin Schwickert, ''Leipziger Almanach der deutschen Musen'', simultaneously appeared in Leipzig. Despite including nineteen stolen items, it was on sale ''before'' the GMA. The editor was Christian Heinrich Schmid, and in subsequent years it would include the work of Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock, Christian Fürchtegott Gellert, Johann Wilhelm Ludwig Gleim and Karl Wilhelm Ramler. From 1776 it was titled ''Leipziger Musen-Almanach'', and from 1782 Benjamin took over as editor. The third almanac to appear was that of the Johann Heinrich Voss previously mentioned, the ''Hamburger Musenalmanach''. The first issue of 1776 lost money, and Voss transferred management to Carl Ernst Bohn, but continued to edit, with the help (from 1779 to 1786) of Goeckingk. In Vienna in 1777, the ''Wienerischer Musenalmanach'' (or ''Wiener Musen-Almanach'' from 1786) appeared. The editor was Joseph Franz von Ratschky, and he was joined by Aloys Blumauer in 1781, and later by Gottlieb von Leon and Martin Joseph Prandstätter. The last issue appeared in 1796. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Musen-Almanach」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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