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Musikforeningen
Musikforeningen (The Music Society) in Copenhagen was Denmark's most important concert venue in the 19th century. It operated from 1838 to 1931 but it was especially under the leadership of Niels Gade (1850–90) that it became a meeting place for the city's music life with its own symphony orchestra and choir. Carl Nielsen was director from 1915–27.〔("Musikforeningen i København" ), ''Den Store Danske''. Retrieved 14 November 2010.〕 Other leaders included Franz Gläser, Emil Hartmann and Franz Neruda.
==History==
Copenhagen's ''Musikforeningen'' was founded in 1836. Its objective was to publish Danish musical works "for which failure to publish would represent a loss to art". In addition, the association was also to present awards and organise concerts. The mandate for putting on concerts soon became by far the most important function for the Society, making it the leading concert institution in Copenhagen. Gade had been a most effective leader until his death in 1890. He was succeeded by J.P.E. Hartmann, Emil Hartmann's son, who held the post for a few years. Franz Neruda then took over, conducting concerts until his death in 1915. During the early years, the association supported modern developments but even under Gade's leadership policy became more conservative. Under Neruda, the repertoire widened somewhat but still varied little from the classical repertoire of Vienna.〔
In the late 19th and early 20th century, the Copenhagen music scene developed rapidly. The Music Society, once the only institution to present orchestral concerts in the winter season, suddenly faced competition from many other organisations such as ''Koncertforeningen'' (1874-93), the Royal Orchestra (from 1883), the so-called ''Palæ'' concerts at Odd Fellows Mansion (1895-1931) and the ''Dansk Koncert-Forening'' (Danish Concert Association) (1901-40). It was therefore more thanks to its name than to its success that the Music Society maintained its status as the city's leading concert provider well into the 20th century. As a private association, it was totally dependent on its members, but as opportunities for concerts increased elsewhere, membership fell steadily. At the height of Gade's term, there had been as many as 2,500 members and each concert was presented twice. By the 1913–14 season, membership had fallen to 900 and concerts were only performed once.〔(Niels Bo Foltmann, "Dirigenten Carl Nielsen og Musikforeningen" ), Fund og Forskning, Bind 42 (2003), ''Tidskrift.dk''. Retrieved 15 November 2010. 〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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