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Muster-master
Muster-master, in Persian ''Lashkar-nevis'' (لشكرنويس) lit. "army scribe", was in Iran during the reign of the Qajar dynasty (1785–1925) the muster-master of the royal and imperial troops and a military office. Reza Shah Pahlavi abolished this post when he overtook power and reorganisated the military and governmental system.
==History==
From the very beginning the Qajar central government was divided into an administrative part (''divan'') and the army (''lashkar''), both housed in the citadel (''arg'') of Tehran. Therefore, the ministry of army (''vezarat-e lashkar''), later ministry of war (''vezarat-e jang'') needed an own administration. After the reforms of army (''nezam-e jadid'', lit. “New Orderly Army”) introduced by crown prince Abbas Mirza in 1828, and continued by Nasser al-Din Shah during the second half of the 19th century, the government needed scribes, clerks and civil servants to write and copy lists about tax, salary, material stuff and recruiting. Head of all these clerks in army service was the ''lashkar-nevis'' (lit. “army scribe”). This governmental post did exist since Safavid time and based on the medieval Islamic official of ''Arez'' (from Arabic ''araza'', “to lay open to view,” i.e. inspection), who had charge of the administrative side of the military forces, being especially concerned with payment, recruitment, training, and inspection.〔Edmond Bosworth: “'Āreż”, in: Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. III, London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1989.〕
During Nasser al-Din Shah's reign in the course of the 19th century a gradual institutionalization of bureaucratic positions took place and helped to raise the relative status of these “men of the pen” (''ahl-e qalam'') to that of the "men of the sword" (''ahl-e seyf''). By this fashion, major ''lashkar-nevises'' were given honorific titles equivalent to those of high-ranking military officers.〔Ashraf/Banuazizi: "Class System", 1992, p. 671.〕 During the Qajar era at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century the office of ''Lashkar-nevis bashi'' (Head Lashkar-nevis) was held by two generations of a family coming from Shiraz, later known as Rafat or Jalai: Haji Mirza Fatullah Shuja ul Mulk, Mirza Abul Qasim Khan (son of the former) and Mirza Ahmad Khan Jala ul Mulk (grandson of the Shuja ul Mulk and nephew and son-in-law of Mirza Abul Qasim).
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