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Musturzabalsuchus
''Musturzabalsuchus'' is an extinct genus of crocodylian, and one of the oldest known members of the superfamily Alligatoroidea. The generic name means "Broadened rostrum crocodile", with "Musturzabal" meaning "broadened rostrum" in Basque and "suchus" meaning "crocodile" in Greek. The type and only species is ''M. buffetauti'', named after the French paleoherpetologist Eric Buffetaut. The material first assigned to ''Musturzabalsuchus'' in 1997 has been found from the locality of Laño in Condado de Treviño, northern Spain. Although dating back to the Late Cretaceous, the exact age of the strata in which material of ''Musturzabalsuchus'' occurs in the locality is not known: it is either Late Campanian or very Early Maastrichtian. Despite the unusually high quantity of remains belonging to the genus (most other continental Late Cretaceous crocodilian genera from Europe are poorly represented), the only skeletal elements known from ''Musturzabalsuchus'' are the maxilla and mandible. Some fragments of these bones have been found from the locality of Armuña in the province of Segovia that were previously referred to an unnamed trematochampsid. Like the holotype and paratype material found from Laño, these fossils, known collectively as UPUAM-502, are Campano-Maastrichtian in age.〔 Another specimen (MHNM 10834.0) from the Fuvelian Lignites of France has been referred to ''Musturzabalsuchus'' in 1999. However, the characteristics used to assign the material to better-known specimens of ''Musturzabalsuchus'' from Spain were questioned in a later study.〔 Material from ''Musturzabalsuchus'' has been found more recently from Valencia, Spain, being slightly older in age than specimens from other localities, dating back to the Early or Middle Campanian.
==Phylogenetics==
''Musturzabalsuchus'' was assigned to Alligatoroidea on the basis of several characters, including a lateral displacement of the foramen aereum of the articular. Additionally, the enlarged fourth mandibular tooth occludes into a pit in the rostrum. Only the latter feature is present in the more derived alligatorids, and thus it is excluded from the family.〔 The pit that the fourth mandibular occludes into is placed posterior to the last premaxillary tooth, similar to what is seen in ''"Diplocynodon" hantoniensis'', another early alligatoroid. A figure used in an 1869 study by P. Matheron of crocodylian remains from the Fuveau lignites (''illustration'') pictured a mandible similar in profile to that of ''Musturzabalsuchus'', but was labeled as belonging to the crocodylian ''Crocodilus affuvelensis''. In 1997 it was suggested that due to this apparent similarity, along with the vagueness of descriptions in the 1869 paper and the loss of the syntype, that ''C. affuvelensis'' could be reassigned to ''Musturzabalsuchus'', although it was also acknowledged that the lack of posterior cranial material in the genus made detailed comparisons difficult.〔 A recent 2008 study on Matheron's specimens concluded that they belonged to a new genus distinct from ''Crocodylus'' and different from ''Musturzabalsuchus'', named ''Massaliasuchus''. A recent phylogenetic analysis recovered ''Musturzabalsuchus'' as a member of Allodaposuchidae, outside Alligatoroidea.〔Narváez I, Brochu CA, Escaso F, Pérez-García A, Ortega F (2015) New Crocodyliforms from Southwestern Europe and Definition of a Diverse Clade of European Late Cretaceous Basal Eusuchians. PLoS ONE 10(11): e0140679. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0140679〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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