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Mycenae (; Greek: ''Mykēnai'' or ''Mykēnē'') is an archaeological site in Greece, located about southwest of Athens, in the north-eastern Peloponnese. Argos is to the south; Corinth, to the north. From the hill on which the palace was located, one can see across the Argolid to the Saronic Gulf. In the second millennium BC, Mycenae was one of the major centres of Greek civilization, a military stronghold which dominated much of southern Greece. The period of Greek history from about 1600 BC to about 1100 BC is called Mycenaean in reference to Mycenae. At its peak in 1350 BC, the citadel and lower town had a population of 30,000 and an area of 32 hectares.〔; 〕 ==Name== Although the citadel was built by Greeks, the name ''Mukanai'' is thought not to be Greek but rather one of the many pre-Greek place names inherited by the immigrant Greeks.〔.〕〔. Although Chadwick states that the name "Mycenae" is derived from a previously unknown language(s) spoken in Greece, he admits that his supposition of a Greek language outside of Greece is "a hypothesis for which there is no evidence."〕 Legend has it that the name was connected to the Greek word ''mycēs'' (μύκης, "mushroom"). Thus, Pausanias ascribes the name to the legendary founder Perseus, who was said to have named it either after the cap (''mycēs'') of the sheath of his sword, or after a mushroom he had plucked on the site.〔Pausanias. ''Description of Greece'', (2.16.3 )〕 The earliest written form of the name is ''Mykēnē'' (Μυκήνη), which is found in Homer.〔Homer. ''Iliad'', (4.52 ), (7.180 ), (11.46 )〕 The reconstructed Mycenaean Greek name of the site is ''Mukānai'', which has the form of a plural like ''Athānai''. The change of ''ā'' to ''ē'' in more recent versions of the name is the result of a well-known sound change in later Attic-Ionic. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mycenae」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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