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Mysore
Mysore (), officially renamed as Mysuru, is the third largest city in terms of population in the state of Karnataka, India, which served as the capital city of Mysore Princely Kingdom (Kingdom of Mysore) for nearly six centuries, from 1399 until 1947. Located at the base of the Chamundi Hills about southwest of the state capital Bangalore, it is spread across an area of . According to the provisional results of the 2011 national census of India, the population of Mysore is 887,446. Mysore City Corporation is responsible for the civic administration of the city, which is also the headquarters of the Mysore district and the Mysore division. Mysore is the cleanest city of India.〔http://m.ibnlive.com/news/india/bengaluru-the-cleanest-state-capital-in-india-patna-the-dirtiest-mysore-tops-city-ranking-government-data-1034543.html〕
The Kingdom of Mysore was ruled by the Wodeyar dynasty, except for a brief period in the late 18th century when Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan were in power. Patrons of art and culture, the Wodeyars contributed significantly to the cultural growth of the city. The cultural ambience and achievements of Mysore earned it the sobriquet ''Cultural capital of South Karnataka''. Mysore is noted for its palaces, including the Mysore Palace, and for the festivities that take place during the ''Dasara'' festival when the city receives a large number of tourists. It lends its name to the Mysore style of painting, the sweet dish ''Mysore Pak'', the ''Mysore Peta'' (a traditional silk turban) and the garment known as the Mysore silk saree. Tourism is the major industry, while information technology has emerged as a major employer alongside the traditional industries. Mysore depends mainly on rail and bus transport for inter-city connections. It also has an Airport serving the city, also known as Mandakalli Airport. The city was the location of the first private radio station in India. Mysore houses Mysore University, which has produced several notable authors, particularly in the field of Kannada literature. Cricket is the most popular sport in the city; however, it has many other sport facilities.
==Etymology==
The name ''Mysore'' is an anglicised version of ''Mahishūru'',〔 which means the abode of ''Mahisha'' in the local Kannada language . Though in Sanskrit ''Mahisha'' means buffalo, here ''Mahisha'' refers to Mahishasura, a mythological demon who could assume the form of both human and buffalo. According to Hindu mythology, the area was ruled by the demon Mahishasura. The demon was killed by the Goddess Chamundeshwari, whose temple is situated atop the Chamundi Hills. ''Mahishūru'' later became ''Mahisūru'' (a name which, even now, the royal family uses) and finally came to be called Maisūru, its present name in the Kannada language.〔Deve Gowda Javare Gowda (1998), p. 82.〕 In December 2005, the Government of Karnataka announced its intention to change the English name of the city to ''Mysuru''. This has been approved by the Government of India, but the formalities necessary to incorporate the name change were yet to be completed. Center government have approved this request in October 2014 and Mysore is renamed (along with other 12 cities) to "Mysuru" on November 1, 2014.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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