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Münzmeister
In medieval and early modern Germany, the Münzmeister ("mint master", the Latin term is ''monetarius'') was the director or administrator of a mint, a moneyer with responsibility for the minting of coins, or specie. His duties were defined differently at different locations and ages.
==Middle ages==
The need for currency was relatively low during Merovingian times. The ''Münzmeister'' produced coins in small workshops, working alone or with the aid of a few assistants, and handled the precious metals required. During Carolingian times, minting of specie became the task of royally appointed officials.
During the High Middle Ages they were replaced by the ''Münzerhausgenossenschaft'', or minting house cooperative. Its members came from the ranks of rich burghers: usually merchants, precious-metal traders, moneychangers, goldsmiths, who in turn appointed one out of their ranks as ''Münzmeister''. For their labor, the members of the cooperative were due a share of the minting profits. They also enjoyed certain rights and privileges, including a monopoly on the purchase of gold and silver, exemption from customs duties and taxes, and independent jurisdiction in minting matters. The house cooperatives saw their heyday in the 13th and 14th centuries.
In the late Middle Ages, the minting house cooperatives vanished when minting was taken over by sovereigns or cities. The ''Münzmeister'' was now an entrepreneur who determined weight, precious-metal content, seignorage and their own share, by way of free negotiations with the principals. Next to mines and shipyards, mints had become the largest enterprises of the age.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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