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Münzregal
The ''Münzregal'' was the sovereign right of coinage,〔(Postan, Michael Moïssey and Miller, Edward (1987). ''The Cambridge Economic History of Europe: Trade and industry in the Middle Ages'', Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, p. 707. )〕 in the Middle Ages in the Holy Roman Empire, in other words the right to issue regulations governing the production and use of coins. It covered the specification of currency, the right to mint and the right to use coins and the profit from minting. It is variously referred to in English sources as the "right of coinage",〔 "coinage regality",〔(Hübner, Rudolf (2000). ''A History of Germanic Private Law'', New Jersey. ISBN 978-1-58477-065-7. )〕 "regality of coinage",〔 "minting privileges"〔(''Englischer Wortschatz Geschichte' ) by Christel Beck-Zangenberg. Accessed on 21 Aug 2012.〕 and "coinage prerogative".〔(Deutsche Bundesbank - Legal Frameworks - The Coinage Prerogative )〕〔(''Business and Finance Multilingual Dictionary'' by Igor Sharshakov )〕 It was one of the regalia, or royal privileges.
== History ==
Since the time of Charlemagne the ''Münzregal'' under the Frankish crown, was based on the practice of ancient Rome which exerted a strong central authority. The royal administration was also responsible for the construction and operation of the mints, the standard of coinage and the coinage.
With the sharp upturn in the economy from the 9th century, the ''Münzrecht'', often associated with customs and market rights, was delegated to ecclesiastical rulers, mainly bishops. From the 11th century, it was also granted to secular princes, and later to towns or cities.
With the Golden Bull of 1356 were the ''Münzregal'' and the often closely associated mining rights or ''Bergregal'' were transferred to the prince electors. In 1648, other imperial estates (''Reichsstände'') were granted the ''Münzregal''. Nevertheless, the sovereignty over coinage officially remained with the Holy Roman Emperor.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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