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NEDD4
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase NEDD4 also known as neural precursor cell expressed developmentally down-regulated protein 4 (NEDD4) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''NEDD4'' gene.
NEDD4 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase enzyme that targets proteins for ubiquitination. ''NEDD4'' is a highly conserved gene in eukaryotes, and is the founding member of the NEDD4 family of E3 HECT ubiquitin ligases, consisting of 9 members in humans ((this gene), NEDD4-2 (NEDD4L), ITCH, SMURF1, SMURF2, WWP1, WWP2, NEDL1 (HECW1) and NEDDL2 (HECW2) ). NEDD4 regulates a large number of membrane proteins, such as ion channels and membrane receptors, via ubiquitination and endocytosis.
NEDD4 protein is widely expressed, and a large number of proteins have been predicted or demonstrated to bind ''in vitro''. ''In vivo'' NEDD4 is involved in the regulation of a diverse range of processes, including insulin-like growth factor signalling, neuronal architecture and viral budding. NEDD4 is an essential protein for animal development and survival.
== Structure ==
The NEDD4 protein has a modular structure that is shared among the NEDD4 family, consisting of an amino-terminal C2 calcium-dependant phospholipid binding domain, 3-4 WW protein-protein interaction domains, and a carboxyl-terminal catalytic HECT ubiquitin ligase domain. The C2 domain targets proteins to the phospholipid membrane, and can also be involved in targeting substrates. The WW domains interact with proline rich PPxY motifs in target proteins to mediate interactions with substrates and adaptors. The catalytic HECT domain forms a thioester bond with activated ubiquitin transferred from an E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme, before transferring ubiquitin directly to a specific substrate.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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