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The National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) is an energy research laboratory owned and operated by the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Office of Fossil Energy.〔United States Department of Energy〕 NETL focuses on applied research for the clean production and use of domestic energy resources. As part of DOE’s national laboratory system, NETL supports DOE’s mission to advance the national, economic, and energy security of the United States. Through onsite and contracted research, NETL researches, develops, and demonstrates technologies to resolve the supply, efficiency, and environmental constraints of producing and using fossil energy resources, while maintaining their affordability. The published results of NETL’s research supply the analysis and insight for policymakers to provide direction and funds to meet national energy goals. NETL shapes, funds, and manages contracted research in the United States and more than 40 foreign countries through arrangements with corporations, small businesses, universities, non-profit organizations, and other national laboratories and government agencies. This work is augmented by onsite applied research in computational and basic sciences, energy system dynamics, geological and environmental systems, and materials science. More than 1,400 employees work at NETL’s five sites, including federal employees and site-support contractors. ==History== NETL originated from a series of predecessor organizations that began over 100 years ago. In 1910, the U.S. Department of Interior’s (DOI) Bureau of Mines established the Pittsburgh Experiment Station in Bruceton, Pennsylvania, to train coal miners and conduct research on coal-mining-related safety equipment and practices. The Pittsburgh Experiment Station began coal-to-liquids conversion research in the mid-1920s, soon after several European countries had begun to pursue research in coal-based synthetic fuels. Just eight years later in Bartlesville, Oklahoma, the Bureau of Mines opened the Petroleum Experiment Station to pursue systematic application of engineering and scientific methods to oil drilling, helping the oil industry create operating and safety standards. As a result of the Synthetic Liquid Fuels Act of 1944, the Pittsburgh Experiment Station became the Bruceton Research Center in 1948. In 1946, the Synthesis Gas Branch Experiment Station was established for government-sponsored coal-gasification research—especially producing synthesis gas from coal—at West Virginia University’s facilities in Morgantown, West Virginia. The Station joined with two other nearby DOI groups to create the Appalachian Experiment Station for onsite coal research at the current Morgantown location in 1954. The new U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration renamed the former DOI sites as the Bartlesville, Morgantown, and Pittsburgh Energy Research Centers in 1975. The Centers began overseeing federally funded contracts for fossil energy research and development. All three Research Centers became Energy Technology Centers in 1977 under the newly established U.S. Department of Energy. The Centers housed onsite research in coal, oil, and gas technologies and managed contracts for research and development conducted by universities, industry, and other research institutions. In 1983, however, operation of the Bartlesville Energy Technology Center transferred to IIT Research Institute, based in Chicago, and the Bartlesville Project Office was established to oversee petroleum research activities. Then, in 1996, the Morgantown and Pittsburgh Energy Technology Centers, a mere 65 miles (105 km) apart, were consolidated under the same administration to form the Federal Energy Technology Center (FETC). The National Petroleum Technology Office (NPTO) in Tulsa, Oklahoma, was established in 1998, and the Bartlesville Project Office was closed. FETC became a national laboratory, NETL, in 1999 and was joined by NPTO in 2000. NETL opened the Arctic Energy Office in Fairbanks, Alaska, in 2001 to promote research, development, and deployment of (1) oil recovery, gas-to-liquids, and natural gas production and transportation and (2) electric power in Arctic climates, including fossil, wind, geothermal, fuel cells, and small hydroelectric facilities. In 2005, the Albany Research Center (ARC) in Albany, Oregon, merged with NETL as a third laboratory location, providing expertise in life-cycle research and advanced materials for energy system challenges. Founded on the site of the former Albany College in 1942, ARC made its mark processing zirconium. In 1985, the Center was named an historical landmark by the American Society for Metals. Today, researchers here address fundamental mechanisms and processes; melt, cast, and fabricate up to one ton of materials; completely characterize the chemical and physical properties of materials; and deal with the waste and byproducts of materials processes. The Tulsa, Oklahoma, office moved to Sugar Land, Texas, in 2009. In 2010, NETL celebrated 100 years of energy technology research and development experience. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「National Energy Technology Laboratory」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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