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Nerve growth factor
Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a neuropeptide primarily involved in the regulation of growth, maintenance, proliferation, and survival of certain target neurons. It is perhaps the prototypical growth factor, in that it is one of the first to be described. Since it was first isolated by Nobel Laureate Rita Levi-Montalcini in 1956, numerous biological processes involving NGF have been identified, two of them being the survival of pancreatic beta cells and the regulation of the immune system.
== Structure ==
NGF is initially in a 7S, 130 kDa complex of 3 proteins - Alpha-NGF, Beta-NGF, and Gamma-NGF (2:1:2 ratio) when expressed. This form of NGF is also referred to as proNGF (NGF precursor). The gamma subunit of this complex acts as a serine protease, and cleaves the N-terminal of the beta subunit, thereby activating the protein into functional NGF.
The term "Nerve Growth Factor" usually refers to the 2.5S, 26 kDa beta subunit of the protein. The beta subunit is the only component of the 7S NGF complex that is biologically active (i.e. acting as signaling molecules).
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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