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NIMBY (an acronym for the phrase "Not In My Back Yard"〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Cambridge Dictionaries Online - meaning of NIMBY )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Oxford Dictionaries - definition of Nimby )〕), or Nimby,〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=Macmillan Dictionary )〕 is a pejorative characterization of opposition by residents to a proposal for a new development because it is close to them, often with the connotation that such residents believe that the developments are needed in society but should be further away. Opposing residents themselves are sometimes called Nimbies. Examples of projects likely to be opposed are homeless shelters, oil wells, chemical plants, industrial parks, military bases, wind turbines, desalination plants, landfills, incinerators, power plants, quarries, prisons,〔(Merriam-Webster )〕 pubs, adult entertainment establishments, firearms dealers, mobile telephone network masts, abortion clinics, toxic waste dumps, group homes, youth hostels, sports stadiums, betelnut vendors, strip malls, housing developments, freight railway, highways, airports, seaports, and medical cannabis dispensaries along with recreational cannabis shops. The NIMBY concept may also apply more generally to people who advocate some proposal (for example, austerity measures like budget cuts, tax increases, or layoffs), but oppose implementing it in a way that would require sacrifice on their part. ==Claimed rationale== Developments likely to attract local objections include: * Infrastructure development, such as new roads, light rail and metro lines, airports, power plants, retail developments, sales of public assets, electrical transmission lines, wastewater treatment plants, landfills, sewage outfalls and prisons; * The extraction of mineral resources including ore, aggregates and hydrocarbons from mines, quarries and oil wells or gas wells, respectively; * renewable energy generators, such as wind farms and solar panels; * businesses trading in goods perceived as immoral, such as adult video, liquor stores, and medical cannabis dispensaries; * accommodations perceived as primarily benefitting disadvantaged people, such as subsidized housing for the financially disadvantaged, supportive housing for the mentally ill, halfway houses for drug addicts and criminals, and homeless shelters for those with no fixed address; * services catering to certain stigmatised groups (for example, injection drug users), such as methadone clinics, syringe exchange programmes, drug detoxification facilities, pawn shops; and * large-scale developments of all kinds, such as big box stores and housing subdivisions. The claimed reasons against these developments vary, and some are given below. * ''Increased traffic:'' More jobs, more housing or more stores correlates to increased traffic on local streets. Industrial facilities such as warehouses, factories, or landfills often increase the volume of truck traffic. * ''Harm to locally owned small businesses:'' The development of a big box store may provide too much competition to a locally owned store; similarly, the construction of a new road may make the older road less travelled, leading to a loss of business for property owners. This can lead to excessive relocation costs, or to loss of respected local businesses. * ''Loss of residential property value:'' Homes near an undesirable development may be less desirable for potential buyers. The lost revenue from property taxes may, or may not, be offset by increased revenue from the project. * ''Environmental pollution of land, air, and water:'' Power plants, factories, chemical facilities, crematoriums, sewage treatment facilities, airports, and similar projects may, or may be claimed to, contaminate the land, air, or water around them. Especially facilities assumed to smell might cause objections. * ''Light pollution:'' Projects that operate at night, or that include security lighting (such as street lights in a parking lot), may be accused of causing light pollution. * ''Noise pollution:'' In addition to the noise of traffic, a project may inherently be noisy. This is a common objection to wind power, airports, roads, and many industrial facilities, but also stadiums, festivals, and night clubs which are particularly noisy at night when locals want to sleep.〔http://www.todayszaman.com/national_nightclub-music-needs-restricting-to-reduce-noise-pollution-say-environmentalists_215054.html〕 * ''Visual blight and failure to "blend in" with the surrounding architecture:'' The proposed project might be ugly or particularly large, or cast a shadow over an area due to its height.〔http://ny.curbed.com/archives/2014/02/20/hundreds_fret_about_superscrapers_shadows_as_extell_rebuts.php〕 * ''Loss of a community's small-town feel:'' Proposals that might result in new people moving into the community, such as a plan to build many new houses, are often claimed to change the community's character. * ''Strain of public resources and schools:'' This reason is given for any increase in the local area's population, as additional school facilities might be needed for the additional children, but particularly to projects that might result in certain kinds of people joining the community, such as a group home for people with disabilities, or immigrants. * ''Disproportionate benefit to non-locals:'' The project appears to benefit distant people, such as investors (in the case of commercial projects like factories or big-box stores) or people from neighboring areas (in the case of regional government projects, such as airports, highways, sewage treatment, or landfills). * ''Increases in crime:'' This is usually applied to projects that are perceived as attracting or employing low-skill workers or racial minorities, as well as projects that cater to people who are thought to often commit crimes, such as the mentally ill, the poor, and drug addicts. Additionally, certain types of projects, such as pubs or medical marijuana dispensaries, might be perceived as directly increasing the amount of crime in the area. *''Risk of an (environmental) disaster'', such as with drilling operations, chemical industry, dams,〔https://books.google.nl/books?id=esydBAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=nl&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q=dam&f=false〕 or nuclear power plants. Generally, many NIMBY objections are guessed or feared, because objections are more likely to be successful before the construction start. It is often too late to object to the project after its completion, since new additions are unlikely to be reversed. People in an area affected by plans sometimes form an organization which can collect money and organize the objection activities. NIMBYists can hire a lawyer to do formal appeals, and contact media to gain public support for their case. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「NIMBY」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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