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NOx
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NOx : ウィキペディア英語版
NOx

NO''x'' is a generic term for the mono-nitrogen oxides NO and NO2 (nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide). They are produced from the reaction among nitrogen, oxygen and even hydrocarbons (during combustion), especially at high temperatures.〔 In areas of high motor vehicle traffic, such as in large cities, the amount of nitrogen oxides emitted into the atmosphere as air pollution can be significant. NO''x'' gases are formed whenever combustion occurs in the presence of nitrogen – as in an air-breathing engine; they also are produced naturally by lightning. In atmospheric chemistry, the term means the total concentration of NO and NO2. NO''x'' gases react to form smog and acid rain as well as being central to the formation of tropospheric ozone.
NO''x'' should not be confused with nitrous oxide (N2O), which is a greenhouse gas and has many uses as an oxidizer, an anesthetic, and a food additive.
NO''y'' (reactive, odd nitrogen) is defined as the sum of NO''x'' plus the compounds produced from the oxidation of NO''x'' which include nitric acid.
== Formation and reactions ==

Oxygen and nitrogen do not react at ambient temperatures. But at high temperatures, they undergo an endothermic reaction producing various oxides of nitrogen. Such temperatures arise inside an internal combustion engine or a power station boiler, during the combustion of a mixture of air and fuel, and naturally in a lightning flash.
In atmospheric chemistry, the term NO''x'' means the total concentration of NO and NO2. During daylight, these concentrations are in equilibrium; the ratio NO/NO2 is determined by the intensity of sunshine (which converts NO2 to NO) and the concentration of ozone (which reacts with NO to again form NO2).
In the presence of excess oxygen (O2), nitric oxide (NO) reacts with the oxygen to form nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The time required depends on the concentration in air as shown below:
When NO''x'' and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) react in the presence of sunlight, they form photochemical smog, a significant form of air pollution, especially in the summer. Children, people with lung diseases such as asthma, and people who work or exercise outside are particularly susceptible to adverse effects of smog such as damage to lung tissue and reduction in lung function.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Health and Environmental Impacts of NOx )

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
ウィキペディアで「NOx」の詳細全文を読む



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