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NT5M
5',3'-nucleotidase, mitochondrial, also known as 5'(3')-deoxyribonucleotidase, mitochondrial (mdN) or deoxy-5'-nucleotidase 2 (dNT-2), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''NT5M'' gene. This gene encodes a 5' nucleotidase that localizes to the mitochondrial matrix. This enzyme dephosphorylates the 5'- and 2'(3')-phosphates of uracil and thymine deoxyribonucleotides. The gene is located within the Smith-Magenis syndrome region on chromosome 17.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url = http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q9NPB1 )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/56953 )〕
== Structure ==
The cDNA of mdN encodes a 25.9-kDa polypeptide, and the crystal structure of this enzymes reveals a 196-long amino acid sequence in the mature protein. The first 32 amino acids, which contain the mitochondrial targeting sequence, are removed during the processing of the premature protein for its import into the mitochondrial matrix. The enzyme is likely a dimer protein formed by the interaction of alpha and beta loops between the cores of the two monomers. Each monomer is composed of a large and small domain connected by two loops. The large domain forms an alpha/beta Rossmann fold as well as 2 helix loops in the fold, whereas the small domain forms a truncated four-helix bundle which is inserted between a beta strand and alpha-helix in the large domain. The active site is found in a cleft between the two domains and binds a magnesium ion that is coordinated by three exogenous ligands, a phosphate ion, and two water molecules in an octahedral shape.〔
mdN is one of seven 5' nucleotidases identified in humans, all of which differ in tissue specificity, subcellular location, primary structure and substrate specificity.〔 Of the seven, the cytosolic counterpart of mdN, cdN, is the most closely related to mdN. Their genes, ''NT5M'' and ''NT5C'', share the same exon/intron organization, and their amino acid sequences are 52% identical.〔〔 In addition, mdN structurally resembles members of the HAD family despite no significant sequence similarity.〔
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