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Nabonassar
Nabû-nāṣir, inscribed in cuneiform as dAG-PAB or dAG-ŠEŠ-''ir'', Greek: Ναβονάσσαρος, whence "Nabonassar", and meaning "Nabû (is) protector", was the king of Babylon 747–734 BC. He deposed a foreign Chaldean usurper named Nabu-shuma-ishkun, bringing native rule back to Babylon after 23 years of Chaldean rule. His reign saw the beginning a new era characterized by the systematic maintenance of chronologically precise historical records. Both the Babylonian Chronicle〔Tablet BM 92502 The ''Chronicle on the Reigns from Nabû-Nasir to Šamaš-šuma-ukin'' (ABC 1) lines 1 to 12.〕 and the Ptolemaic Canon begin with his accession to the throne. He was contemporary with the Assyrian kings Aššur-nirarī V (755–745 BC) and Tiglath-Pileser III, the latter under whom he became a vassal, and the Elamite kings Humban-Tahrah I (–743 BC) and Humban-Nikaš I (742–717 BC).〔
==History==
Nothing is known of his provenance or origin, although it appears he was a native Mesopotamian. His three predecessors were from the migrant Chaldean tribes settled in the far south east of Babylonia since the 9th century BC. The ''Dynastic Chronicle''〔The ''Dynastic Chronicle'' (ABC 18) vi 11.〕 may have been composed during his reign as it records the succession of kings from the antediluvian era until that of his immediate predecessor, Nabû-šuma-iškun. It records that the “dynasty of Chaldea was terminated” (with Nabû-šuma-iškun) and “its kingship was transferred,” but the remainder is lost. He may also have commissioned a vituperative chronicle〔(''Chronographic document concerning Nabu-šuma-iškun'' ), excavation number W 22660/0, CM 52 in J. J. Glassner’s “Chronique Mésopotamiennes,” 1993, pp. 235–240.〕 which vilifies his predecessor for his sacrilegious actions and the ''Chronicle of the Market Prices''〔''Chronicle of the Market Prices'' (ABC 23), tablet BM 48498.〕 which mentions the volatile costs of various commodities in reigns up until that of his predecessor. His name appears in the ''Eclectic Chronicle''〔The ''Eclectic Chronicle'' (ABC 24), tablet BM 27859, r. 17.〕 but the context has not been preserved.
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