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Nacirema ("American" spelled backwards) is a term used in anthropology and sociology in relationship to aspects of the behavior and society of citizens of the United States of America. The neologism attempts to create a deliberate sense of self-distancing in order that American anthropologists might look at their own culture more objectively. =="Body Ritual among the Nacirema"== The original use of the term in a social science context was in "Body Ritual among the Nacirema", which satirizes anthropological papers on "other" cultures, and the culture of the United States. Horace Mitchell Miner wrote the paper and originally published it in the June 1956 edition of ''American Anthropologist''.〔Miner, H.M., "Body Ritual Among the Nacirema", ''American Anthropologist'', vol 58: pp. 503-507, June 1956.〕 Dimsdale, Joel E. "The Nacirema Revisited." Annals Of Behavioral Medicine 23.1 (2001): 75. Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection. Web. 26 Feb. 2015.〔Johnson, Sylvester A. "The Rise Of The Nacirema And The Descent Of European Man: A Response To Manuel A. Vásquez's More Than Belief." Method & Theory In The Study Of Religion 24.4/5 (2012): 464-481. Religion and Philosophy Collection. Web. 26 Feb. 2015.〕 In the paper, Miner describes the Nacirema, a little-known tribe living in North America. The way in which he writes about the curious practices that this group performs distances readers from the fact that the North American group described actually corresponds to modern-day Americans of the mid-1950s. The article sometimes serves as a demonstration of a gestalt shift with relation to sociology. Miner presents the Nacirema as a group living in the territory between the Canadian Cree, the Yaqui and Tarahumare of Mexico, and the Carib and Arawak of the Antilles. The paper describes the typical Western ideal for oral cleanliness, as well as providing an outside view on hospital care and on psychiatry.〔 The Nacirema are described as having a highly developed market economy that has evolved within a rich natural habit.〔Miner, Horace. "Body Ritual among the Nacirema." American Anthropologist 1956: 503. JSTOR Journals. Web. 26 Feb. 2015.〕 Miner's article became a popular work, reprinted in many introductory textbooks and used as an example process analysis in the literature text ''The Bedford Reader''. The article itself received the most reprint permission requests of any article in ''American Anthropologist'', but has become part of the public domain. Some of the popular aspects of Nacirema culture include: Medicine men and women (doctors, psychiatrists, and pharmacists), a charm-box (medicine cabinet), the mouth-rite ritual (brushing teeth), and a cultural hero known as Notgnihsaw (Washington spelled backwards).〔 These ritual practices are prescribed as how man should comport himself in the presence of sacred things. These sacred aspects are the rituals that the Nacirema part take in throughout their lives.〔Jones, Robert Alun. "Myth And Symbol Among The Nacirema Tsigoloicos: A Fragment." American Sociologist 15.4 (1980): 207-212. SocINDEX with Full Text. Web. 26 Feb. 2015.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nacirema」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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