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Nailsea is a town in the unitary authority of North Somerset within the ceremonial county of Somerset, England, approximately to the southwest of Bristol〔(【引用サイトリンク】work = Google Maps )〕 and about to the northeast of the seaside resort of Weston-super-Mare. The nearest village is Backwell, which lies south of Nailsea on the other side of the Bristol to Exeter railway line. Nailsea is a commuter town with a population of 15,630. The town was an industrial centre based on coal mining and glass manufacture, which have now been replaced by service industries. The surrounding area of the North Somerset Levels provides wildlife habitats including the Tickenham, Nailsea and Kenn Moors biological Site of Special Scientific Interest and Bucklands Pool/Backwell Lake Local Nature Reserve. Nailsea is close to the M5 motorway and Bristol Airport, and has railway services at Nailsea and Backwell station, operated by First Great Western. Secondary education in Nailsea is provided by Nailsea School (completely rebuilt as an Academy in 2009), and primary education by St Francis School,Grove School, Kingshill school and Golden Valley. Churches in the town include the 14th-century Holy Trinity Church and Christ Church, which was built in 1843. ==History== The name of the town may be derived from the Old English for ''Naegl's island'',〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Nailsea )〕 although it has also been suggested it was spelt ''Naylsey'' in 1657.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/ian.sage/Nailsea/nailsea.html )〕 The parish of Nailsea was part of the Portbury Hundred.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/SOM/Miscellaneous/ )〕 Little is known of the area occupied by Nailsea before the coal mining industry began, although it was used as a quarry in Roman times from which pennant sandstone was extracted.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.nailseatowncouncil.gov.uk/history.php )〕 The Romans otherwise ignored Nailsea from 40–400 AD, but left a small villa near Jacklands Bridge.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/ian.sage/Nailsea/nailsea.html )〕 Nailsea's early economy relied on coal mining, which began as early as the 16th century. The earliest recorded date for coal mining in Nailsea was 1507 when coal was being transported to light fires at Yatton.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.ndlhs.org.uk/item-coalblack.html )〕 By the late 1700s the town had a large number of pits. Around this time Nailsea was visited by the social reformer Hannah More who founded a Sunday school for the workers. The Elms Colliery,(Middle Engine Pit), one of the most complete examples of an 18th-century colliery left in England, is now in disrepair. It has been designated a Scheduled Ancient Monument and is included in the Heritage at Risk Register produced by English Heritage. Remains of the old pits, most of which had closed down by the late 19th century as mining capital migrated to the richer seams of South Wales, are still visible around the town. The coal mines attracted glass manufacturer John Robert Lucas, who in 1788 established the Nailsea Glassworks that became the fourth-largest of its kind in the United Kingdom, mostly producing low-grade bottle glass.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/ian.sage/Nailsea/glass.html )〕 The works closed down in 1873, but "Nailsea" glass (mostly made by glass workers at the end of their shift in Nailsea and at other glass works) is still sought after by collectors around the world.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Bottle Green & Coal Black )〕 The site of the glass works has been covered by a Tesco supermarket car park, leaving it relatively accessible for future archaeological digs. Other parts of the site have been cleared and filled with sand to ensure that the remains of the old glass works are preserved. The 15th-century Nailsea Court, southwest of the town, is a Grade I listed building. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nailsea」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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