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Naimans
The Naiman, (Khalkha-Mongolian: ''Найман/Naiman, "eight"'') is a Turco-Mongol〔[The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia, by René Grousset, p190〕〔Ratchnevsky, Paul. "Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy". 2000, pp.1-4.〕〔[Hidden Treasures and Intercultural Encounters. 2. Auflage: Studies on East Syriac Christianity in China and Central Asia, by Dietmar W. Winkler and Li Tang, p258〕 ethnic group in Naiman Banner, Inner Mongolia of China.
==History==
In the Secret History of the Mongols their subtribe the "Güchügüd" are mentioned. According to Russian Turkologist Nikolai Aristov's view, the Naiman Khanate's western border reached the Irtysh River and its eastern border reached the Mongolian Tamir River. The Altai Mountains and southern Altai Republic were part of the Naiman Khanate.〔History of Mongolia, Volume II, 2003〕 They had diplomatic relations with the Kara-Khitans, and were subservient to them until 1177 (the name Naimans is what the Mongols used to refer to them). A number of scholars classified them as a Turkic people from Sekiz Oghuz (means "Eight Oghuz" in Turkic).〔Ratchnevsky, Paul. "Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy". 2000, pp.1-4.〕 Like the Khitans and the Uyghurs, many of them were Nestorian Christians or Buddhists. When the last Dayang Khan (a type of Khan) was killed after a battle with Genghis Khan in 1203, his son Kuchlug with his remaining Naiman troops fled to the Kara-Khitan Khanate. Kuchlug was well received there and the Khitan Khan gave him his daughter in marriage. Kuchlug soon began plotting against his new father-in-law, and after he usurped the throne, he began to persecute Muslims in the Hami Oases. But his action was opposed by local people and he was later defeated by the Mongols under Jebe.
Although the Naiman Khanlig was crushed by the Mongols, they were seen in every part of the Mongol Empire. Ogedei's great ''khatun'' ("queen") Töregene might have been from this tribe. Hulegu had a Naiman general, Ketbuqa, who died in the battle of Ain Jalut in 1260.
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