|
In the Western world, Persia (or its cognates) was historically the common name for Iran. In 1935, Reza Shah asked foreign delegates to use the term Iran, the historical name of the country, used by its native people, in formal correspondence. Since then, in the Western World, the use of the word "Iran" has become more common. This also changed the usage of the names for the Iranian nationality, and the common adjective for citizens of Iran changed from Persian to Iranian. In 1959, the government of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Reza Shah Pahlavi's son, announced that both "Persia" and "Iran" could officially be used interchangeably.〔Yarshater, Ehsan (Persia or Iran, Persian or Farsi ), ''Iranian Studies'', vol. XXII no. 1 (1989)〕 ==Etymology of Iran== (詳細はIran" derives immediately from Middle Persian ''Ērān'', Pahlavi ''ʼyrʼn'', first attested in an inscription that accompanies the investiture relief of the first Sassanid king Ardashir I at Naqsh-e Rustam. In this inscription, the king's Middle Persian appellation is ''ardašīr šāhān šāh ērān'' while in the Parthian language inscription that accompanies the Middle Persian one the king is titled ''ardašīr šāhān šāh aryān'' (Pahlavi: ''... ʼryʼn'') both meaning ''king of kings of Iranians.'' The gentilic ''ēr-'' and ''ary-'' in ''ērān''/''aryān'' derives from Old Iranian '' *arya-''〔 (Old Persian ''airya-'', Avestan ''airiia-'', etc.), meaning "Aryan,"〔 in the sense of "of the Iranians."〔 This term is attested as an ethnic designator in Achaemenid inscriptions and in Zoroastrianism's Avesta tradition, and it seems "very likely"〔 that in Ardashir's inscription ''ērān'' still retained this meaning, denoting the people rather than the empire. Notwithstanding this inscriptional use of ''ērān'' to refer to the Iranian peoples, the use of ''ērān'' to refer to the empire (and the antonymic ''anērān'' to refer to the Roman territories) is also attested by the early Sassanid period. Both ''ērān'' and ''anērān'' appear in 3rd century calendrical text written by Mani. In an inscription of Ardashir's son and immediate successor, Shapur I "apparently includes in ''Ērān'' regions such as Armenia and the Caucasus which were not inhabited predominantly by Iranians." In Kartir's inscriptions (written thirty years after Shapur's), the high priest includes the same regions (together with Georgia, Albania, Syria and the Pontus) in his list of provinces of the antonymic ''Anērān''.〔 ''Ērān'' also features in the names of the towns founded by Sassanid dynasts, for instance in ''Ērān-xwarrah-šābuhr'' "Glory of Ērān (of) Shapur". It also appears in the titles of government officers, such as in ''Ērān-āmārgar'' "Accountant-General (of) Ērān" or ''Ērān-dibirbed'' "Chief Scribe (of) Ērān".〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Name of Iran」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|