|
}} |nickname = Hongcheng (), Hongdu (), Yuzhang () |settlement_type =Prefecture-level city |total_type = |motto = |image_skyline = Nanchang Montage.png |imagesize = |image_caption = Clockwise from top: New Fourth Army Headquarter, Star of Nanchang, Bayi Square, Nanchang sunrise, Tengwang Pavilion. |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = |blank_emblem_type = |blank_emblem_size = |image_map = Location of Nanchang Prefecture within Jiangxi (China).png |mapsize = |map_caption = Location of Nanchang City jurisdiction in Jiangxi |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |image_dot_map = |dot_mapsize = |dot_map_caption = |dot_x = |dot_y = |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = People's Republic of China |subdivision_type1 = Province |subdivision_name1 = Jiangxi |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name2 = |seat_type = |seat = |parts_type = |parts_style = |parts = |p1 = |p2 = |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title =Mayor |leader_name =Guo An |leader_title1 =Secretary |leader_name1 =Wang Wentao |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |leader_title4 = |leader_name4 = |established_title = |established_date = |established_title1 = |established_date1 = |established_title2 = |established_date2 = |established_title3 = |established_date3 = |founder = |named_for = |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = 7194 |area_land_km2 = |area_water_km2 = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = 617 |area_metro_km2 = 4,588 |area_blank1_title = |area_blank1_km2 = |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m =37 |elevation_ft =122 |elevation_max_m = |elevation_min_m = |population_as_of =2010 census〔http://www.citypopulation.de/php/china-jiangxi-admin.php〕 |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total =5,042,565 |population_density_km2 = auto |population_metro =4,171,926 |population_density_metro_km2 = auto |population_urban =2,357,839 |population_density_urban_km2 = auto |population_blank1_title = |population_blank1 = |population_density_blank1_km2 = |timezone = CST |utc_offset = +8 |coordinates_type = |coordinates_region = CN-36 |coordinates_display = inline,title |latd= 28 |latm= 41 |latNS=N |longd=115 |longm=53 |longEW=E |postal_code_type = |postal_code = 330000 |area_code = |blank_name = Licence plate prefixes |blank_info = A, M |blank1_name =City Flower |blank1_info =Chinese Rose |blank2_name =City Tree |blank2_info =Camphor Laurel |blank3_name = |blank3_info = |blank4_name = |blank4_info = |blank5_name = |blank5_info = |blank6_name = |blank6_info = |website = |footnotes = }} Nanchang () is the capital of Jiangxi Province in southeastern China.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/43591.htm )〕 As of 2010, a population of 5,042,565 live in the prefecture, in which 2,357,838 live in the built-up area made up of all five urban districts. Located in the north-central part of the province, it is bounded on the west by the Jiuling Mountains, and on the east by Poyang Lake. Because of its strategic location connecting the prosperous East and South China, it has become a major railway hub in Southern China in recent decades. As the Nanchang Uprising in 1927 was distinctively recognized by the ruling Communist Party as "firing the first gunshot against the evil Nationalists",〔Schwartz, Benjamin, ''Chinese Communism and the Rise of Mao'', Harper & Row (New York: 1951), p. 93.〕 the current regime has therefore named the city since 1949 "the City of Heroes", "the place where the People's Liberation Army was born", and the most widely known "place where the military banner of the People's Liberation Army was first raised". ==History== The territories encompassing modern-day Jiangxi Province—including Nanchang—was first incorporated into China during the Qin dynasty, when it was conquered from the Baiyue peoples and organized as Jiujiang Commandery ().〔''Zhongguo gujin diming dacidian'' 中国古今地名大词典 (of Chinese Place-names Ancient and Modern" ), (Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe, 2006), p. 2080.〕 In 201 BC, during the Han dynasty, the city was given the Chinese name Nanchang and became the administrative seat of Yuzhang Commandery (), and was governed by Guan Ying (), one of Emperor Gaozu of Han's generals.〔 The name Nanchang means "southern flourishing", derived from a motto of developing what is now southern China that is traditionally attributed to Emperor Gaozu himself.〔 In AD 589, during the Sui dynasty, this commandery was changed into a prefecture named Hongzhou (), and after 763 it became the provincial center of Jiangxi, which was then beginning the rapid growth that by the 12th century made it the most populous province in China. In 653 the Tengwang Pavilion was constructed, and in 675 Wang Bo wrote the classic "Tengwang Ge Xu", a poetic introductory masterpiece celebrating the building, making the building, the city, and the author himself known to literate Chinese-speaking population ever since.〔Wang: 236-246.〕 The Pavilion has been destroyed and rebuilt several times throughout history.〔Wang: 1.〕 Its present form was reconstructed in the 1980s after being destroyed in 1929 during the Chinese Civil War.〔Wang: 31.〕 In 959, under the Southern Tang regime, Nanchang was made superior prefecture and the southern capital. After the conquest by the Song regime in 981 it was reverted to the name Hongzhou. In 1164 it was renamed Longxing prefecture, which name it retained until 1368. At the end of the Yuan (Mongol) period (1279–1368), it became a battleground between Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), and the rival local warlord, Chen Youliang. At the beginning of the 16th century it was the power base from which Zhu Chenhao, the Prince of Ning, launched a rebellion against the emperor. During the reign of the Wanli Emperor of the Ming dynasty, it housed relatives of the emperor who had been exiled because they were potential claimants of the imperial throne, members of the imperial family constituting about one quarter of the city's population; as a result of this, Matteo Ricci came here when trying to gain entry to Beijing.〔Mary Laven, Mission to China: Matteo Ricci and the Jesuit Encounter with the East, ISBN 0-571-22517-9, 2011, p. 103〕 In the 1850s it suffered considerably as a result of the Taiping Rebellion (1850–64), and its importance as a commercial centre declined as the overland routes to Canton were replaced by coastal steamship services in the latter half of the 19th century. Nanchang has, however, remained the undisputed regional metropolis of Jiangxi. On August 1, 1927, Nanchang was the site of one of a series of insurrections organized by the communists. The Nanchang Uprising, led by pro-communist Kuomintang officers under Russian direction, succeeded in holding the city for only a few days, and provided a core of troops and a method of organization from which the People's Liberation Army (PLA) later developed. In 1939, the Battle of Nanchang, a ferocious battle between the Chinese National Revolutionary Army and the Imperial Japan Army in the Second Sino-Japanese War took place.〔Hsu Long-hsuen and Chang Ming-kai, ''History of the Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945)'', 2nd Ed., 1971. Translated by Wen Ha-hsiung, Chung Wu Publishing; 33, 140th Lane, Tung-hwa Street, Taipei, Taiwan Republic of China. pp. 293-300 Map. 14-15〕〔Peattie, M., Drea, E. & Ven, H. (2011). ''The battle for China : essays on the military history of the Sino-Japanese War of 1937-1945''. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press.〕〔http://surfcity.kund.dalnet.se/sino-japanese.htm Sino-Japanese Air War 1937–45〕 By 1949 Nanchang was still essentially an old-style administrative and commercial city, with little industry apart from food processing; it had a population of about 275,000. Nanchang first acquired a rail connection in 1915, only connecting to the port city of Jiujiang by the Yangtze. Several other rail links have since been opened. After World War II a line was completed to Linchuan and Gongqi in the Ru River Valley to the south-southeast. Since 1949 Nanchang has been extensively industrialized. It is now a large-scale producer of cotton textiles and cotton yarn. Paper making is also a major industry, as is food processing (especially rice milling). Heavy industry began to gain prominence in the mid-1950s. A large thermal-power plant was installed and uses coal brought by rail from Fengcheng to the south. A machinery industry also grew up, at first mainly concentrating on the production of agricultural equipment and diesel engines. Nanchang then became a minor centre of the automotive industry in China, producing trucks and tractors and also accessories such as tires. An iron-smelting plant helping to supply local industry was installed in the later 1950s. There is also a large chemical industry, producing agricultural chemicals and insecticides as well as pharmaceuticals. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nanchang」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|